scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ang Xin De ◽  
Khamisah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul Cliff Simon Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background: Plasmodium knowlesi is a significant cause of human malaria in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak to identify vectors of P. knowlesi, where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak.Methods: Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small sub-unit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) genes of Plasmodium , and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of the mosquitoes were derived from the Plasmodium -positive samples for phylogenetic analysis.Results: A total of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, six An. balabacensis and five An. donaldi were found to have single P. knowlesi infections while three other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi . Phylogenetic analysis of the Plasmodium SSUrRNA genes confirmed 3 An. donaldi and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and some species of Plasmodium that could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and/or COI sequences of An. balabacensis and An. donaldi indicate that they are genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis and An. donaldi, respectively, found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.Conclusions: Previously An. latens was identified as the vector for P. knowlesi in Kapit, central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and now An. balabacensis and An. donaldi have been incriminated as vectors for zoonotic malaria in Lawas, northern Sarawak.

scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ang Xin De ◽  
Khamisah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul Cliff Simon Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Anopheles Barbirostris ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background: The vectors for Plasmodium knowlesi, a significant cause of human malaria in Southeast Asia, identified previously in nature all belong to the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, to identify vectors of P. knowlesi , where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak. Methods: Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small sub-unit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) genes of Plasmodium , and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITSII) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of the mosquitoes were derived from the Plasmodium -positive samples for phylogenetic analyses. Results: A total of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, six An. balabacensis and five An. barbirostris Clade VI were found to have single P. knowlesi infecions while three other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi . Phylogenetic analyses of the Plasmodium SSUrRNA genes confirmed 3 An. barbirostris Clade VI and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and possibly novel species of Plasmodium . Phylogenies inferred from the ITSII and COI sequences of An. balabacensis and An. barbirostris Clade VI indicate that the former is genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis in Borneo while the latter is a novel sibling species belonging to the Anopheles Barbirostris Subgroup. Conclusions: New vectors for P. knowlesi in Sarawak were identified, including An. barbirostris Clade VI , which is a species that does not belong to the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group.

scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ang Xin De ◽  
Khamisah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul Cliff Simon Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract BackgroundThe vectors for Plasmodium knowlesi, a significant cause of human malaria in Southeast Asia, identified previously in nature all belong to the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, to identify vectors of P. knowlesi, where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak. MethodsMosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of anophelines were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small sub-unit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) genes of Plasmodium, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequences of the mosquitoes were derived from the Plasmodium-positive samples for phylogenetic analyses. ResultsA total of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, six An. balabacensis and five An. barbirostris were found to have single P. knowlesi infecions while three other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Phylogenetic analyses of the Plasmodium SSUrRNA genes confirmed 3 An. barbirostris and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and possibly novel species of Plasmodium. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and CO1 sequences of An. balabacensis and An. barbirostris indicate that the former is genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis in Borneo while the latter is a novel sibling species belonging to the Anopheles Barbirostris Subgroup. ConclusionsNew vectors for P. knowlesi in Sarawak were identified, including An. barbirostris, which is a species that does not belong to the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group.

scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua X. D. Ang ◽  
Khamisah A. Kadir ◽  
Dayang S. A. Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul C. S. Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background Plasmodium knowlesi is a significant cause of human malaria in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak to identify vectors of P. knowlesi, where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak. Methods Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Plasmodium was sequenced, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of the mosquitoes were sequenced from the Plasmodium-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis. Results Totals of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, 6 An. balabacensis and 5 An. donaldi were found to have single P. knowlesi infections while 3 other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Phylogenetic analysis of the Plasmodium SSU rRNA gene confirmed 3 An. donaldi and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and some species of Plasmodium that could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and/or cox1 sequences of An. balabacensis and An. donaldi indicate that they are genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis and An. donaldi, respectively, found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Conclusions Previously An. latens was identified as the vector for P. knowlesi in Kapit, central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and now An. balabacensis and An. donaldi have been incriminated as vectors for zoonotic malaria in Lawas, northern Sarawak.

scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Xin De Ang ◽  
Khamisah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul Cliff Simon Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background: Plasmodium knowlesi is a significant cause of human malaria in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak to identify vectors of P. knowlesi, where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak.Methods: Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Plasmodium was sequenced, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of the mosquitoes were sequenced from the Plasmodium-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis.Results: Totals of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, 6 An. balabacensis and 5 An. donaldi were found to have single P. knowlesi infections while 3 other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Phylogenetic analysis of the Plasmodium SSU rRNA gene confirmed 3 An. donaldi and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and some species of Plasmodium that could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and/or cox1 sequences of An. balabacensis and An. donaldi indicate that they are genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis and An. donaldi, respectively, found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Conclusions: Previously An. latens was identified as the vector for P. knowlesi in Kapit, central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and now An. balabacensis and An. donaldi have been incriminated as vectors for zoonotic malaria in Lawas, northern Sarawak.

scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ang Xin De ◽  
Khamisah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul Cliff Simon Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Cox 1 ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background: Plasmodium knowlesi is a significant cause of human malaria in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak to identify vectors of P. knowlesi , where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak. Methods: Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small subunit ribosomal RNA ( SSU rRNA) gene of Plasmodium was sequenced, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox 1) gene of the mosquitoes were sequenced from the Plasmodium -positive samples for phylogenetic analysis. Results: Totals of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, 6 An. balabacensis and 5 An. donaldi were found to have single P. knowlesi infections while 3 other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui , P. fieldi , P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi . Phylogenetic analysis of the Plasmodium SSU rRNA gene confirmed 3 An. donaldi and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui , P. knowlesi , P. cynomolgi and some species of Plasmodium that could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and/or cox 1 sequences of An. balabacensis and An. donaldi indicate that they are genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis and An. donaldi , respectively, found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Conclusions: Previously An. latens was identified as the vector for P. knowlesi in Kapit, central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and now An. balabacensis and An. donaldi have been incriminated as vectors for zoonotic malaria in Lawas, northern Sarawak.

scholarly journals Novel vectors of the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, in two districts of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
J. Ang Xin De ◽  
K. Abdul Kadir ◽  
D.S. Awang Mohamad ◽  
A. Matusop ◽  
K. Yaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

scholarly journals Non-human primate and human malaria: past, present and future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spinello Antinori ◽  
Cecilia Bonazzetti ◽  
Andrea Giacomelli ◽  
Mario Corbellino ◽  
Massimo Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Plasmodium ◽  
Human Primate

Abstract Background Studies of the malaria parasites infecting various non-human primates (NHPs) have increased our understanding of the origin, biology and pathogenesis of human Plasmodium parasites. This review considers the major discoveries concerning NHP malaria parasites, highlights their relationships with human malaria and considers the impact that this may have on attempts to eradicate the disease. Results The first description of NHP malaria parasites dates back to the early 20th century. Subsequently, experimental and fortuitous findings indicating that some NHP malaria parasites can be transmitted to humans have raised concerns about the possible impact of a zoonotic malaria reservoir on efforts to control human malaria. Advances in molecular techniques over the last 15 years have contributed greatly to our knowledge of the existence and geographical distribution of numerous Plasmodium species infecting NHPs, and extended our understanding of their close phylogenetic relationships with human malaria parasites. The clinical application of such techniques has also made it possible to document ongoing spillovers of NHP malaria parasites (Plasmodium knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. simium, P. brasilianum) in humans living in or near the forests of Asia and South America, thus confirming that zoonotic malaria can undermine efforts to eradicate human malaria. Conclusions Increasing molecular research supports the prophetic intuition of the pioneers of modern malariology who saw zoonotic malaria as a potential obstacle to the full success of malaria eradication programmes. It is, therefore, important to continue surveillance and research based on one-health approaches in order to improve our understanding of the complex interactions between NHPs, mosquito vectors and humans during a period of ongoing changes in the climate and the use of land, monitor the evolution of zoonotic malaria, identify the populations most at risk and implement appropriate preventive strategies.

scholarly journals A New Single-Step PCR Assay for the Detection of the Zoonotic Malaria Parasite Plasmodium knowlesi

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e31848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi W. Lucchi ◽  
Mitra Poorak ◽  
Jenna Oberstaller ◽  
Jeremy DeBarry ◽  
Ganesh Srinivasamoorthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium
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