scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ang Xin De ◽  
Khamisah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul Cliff Simon Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Cox 1 ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background: Plasmodium knowlesi is a significant cause of human malaria in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak to identify vectors of P. knowlesi , where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak. Methods: Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small subunit ribosomal RNA ( SSU rRNA) gene of Plasmodium was sequenced, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox 1) gene of the mosquitoes were sequenced from the Plasmodium -positive samples for phylogenetic analysis. Results: Totals of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, 6 An. balabacensis and 5 An. donaldi were found to have single P. knowlesi infections while 3 other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui , P. fieldi , P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi . Phylogenetic analysis of the Plasmodium SSU rRNA gene confirmed 3 An. donaldi and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui , P. knowlesi , P. cynomolgi and some species of Plasmodium that could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and/or cox 1 sequences of An. balabacensis and An. donaldi indicate that they are genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis and An. donaldi , respectively, found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Conclusions: Previously An. latens was identified as the vector for P. knowlesi in Kapit, central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and now An. balabacensis and An. donaldi have been incriminated as vectors for zoonotic malaria in Lawas, northern Sarawak.

scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Xin De Ang ◽  
Khamisah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul Cliff Simon Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background: Plasmodium knowlesi is a significant cause of human malaria in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak to identify vectors of P. knowlesi, where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak.Methods: Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Plasmodium was sequenced, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of the mosquitoes were sequenced from the Plasmodium-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis.Results: Totals of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, 6 An. balabacensis and 5 An. donaldi were found to have single P. knowlesi infections while 3 other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Phylogenetic analysis of the Plasmodium SSU rRNA gene confirmed 3 An. donaldi and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and some species of Plasmodium that could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and/or cox1 sequences of An. balabacensis and An. donaldi indicate that they are genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis and An. donaldi, respectively, found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Conclusions: Previously An. latens was identified as the vector for P. knowlesi in Kapit, central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and now An. balabacensis and An. donaldi have been incriminated as vectors for zoonotic malaria in Lawas, northern Sarawak.

scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua X. D. Ang ◽  
Khamisah A. Kadir ◽  
Dayang S. A. Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul C. S. Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background Plasmodium knowlesi is a significant cause of human malaria in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak to identify vectors of P. knowlesi, where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak. Methods Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Plasmodium was sequenced, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of the mosquitoes were sequenced from the Plasmodium-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis. Results Totals of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, 6 An. balabacensis and 5 An. donaldi were found to have single P. knowlesi infections while 3 other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Phylogenetic analysis of the Plasmodium SSU rRNA gene confirmed 3 An. donaldi and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and some species of Plasmodium that could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and/or cox1 sequences of An. balabacensis and An. donaldi indicate that they are genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis and An. donaldi, respectively, found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Conclusions Previously An. latens was identified as the vector for P. knowlesi in Kapit, central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and now An. balabacensis and An. donaldi have been incriminated as vectors for zoonotic malaria in Lawas, northern Sarawak.

scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ang Xin De ◽  
Khamisah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul Cliff Simon Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Anopheles Barbirostris ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background: The vectors for Plasmodium knowlesi, a significant cause of human malaria in Southeast Asia, identified previously in nature all belong to the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, to identify vectors of P. knowlesi , where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak. Methods: Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small sub-unit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) genes of Plasmodium , and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITSII) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of the mosquitoes were derived from the Plasmodium -positive samples for phylogenetic analyses. Results: A total of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, six An. balabacensis and five An. barbirostris Clade VI were found to have single P. knowlesi infecions while three other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi . Phylogenetic analyses of the Plasmodium SSUrRNA genes confirmed 3 An. barbirostris Clade VI and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and possibly novel species of Plasmodium . Phylogenies inferred from the ITSII and COI sequences of An. balabacensis and An. barbirostris Clade VI indicate that the former is genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis in Borneo while the latter is a novel sibling species belonging to the Anopheles Barbirostris Subgroup. Conclusions: New vectors for P. knowlesi in Sarawak were identified, including An. barbirostris Clade VI , which is a species that does not belong to the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group.

scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ang Xin De ◽  
Khamisah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul Cliff Simon Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract Background: Plasmodium knowlesi is a significant cause of human malaria in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak to identify vectors of P. knowlesi, where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak.Methods: Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small sub-unit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) genes of Plasmodium , and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of the mosquitoes were derived from the Plasmodium -positive samples for phylogenetic analysis.Results: A total of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, six An. balabacensis and five An. donaldi were found to have single P. knowlesi infections while three other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi . Phylogenetic analysis of the Plasmodium SSUrRNA genes confirmed 3 An. donaldi and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and some species of Plasmodium that could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and/or COI sequences of An. balabacensis and An. donaldi indicate that they are genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis and An. donaldi, respectively, found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.Conclusions: Previously An. latens was identified as the vector for P. knowlesi in Kapit, central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and now An. balabacensis and An. donaldi have been incriminated as vectors for zoonotic malaria in Lawas, northern Sarawak.

scholarly journals New Intranuclear Symbiotic Bacteria from Macronucleus of Paramecium putrinum—“Candidatus Gortzia Yakutica”

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Y. Beliavskaia ◽  
Alexander V. Predeus ◽  
Sofya K. Garushyants ◽  
Maria D. Logacheva ◽  
Jun Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Obligate Intracellular

Holospora-like bacteria (HLB) are obligate intracellular Alphaproteobacteria, inhabiting nuclei of Paramecium and other ciliates such as “Candidatus Hafkinia” is in Frontonia. The HLB clade is comprised of four genera, Holospora, Preeria, “Candidatus Gortzia”, and “Candidatus Hafkinia”. These bacteria have a peculiar life cycle with two morphological forms and some degree of specificity to the host species and the type of nucleus they inhabit. Here we describe a novel species of HLB—“Candidatus Gortzia yakutica” sp. nov.—a symbiont from the macronucleus of Paramecium putrinum, the first described HLB for this Paramecium species. The new endosymbiont shows morphological similarities with other HLB. The phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene places it into the “Candidatus Gortzia” clade.

scholarly journals Morphological and Genetic Evidence that the Cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei (Farlow ex Gomont) Speziale and Dyck Encompasses at Least Two Species

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 3710-3717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Joyner ◽  
R. Wayne Litaker ◽  
Hans W. Paerl
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Lyngbya Wollei ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene

ABSTRACT Dense blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei are increasingly responsible for declining water quality and habitat degradation in numerous springs, rivers, and reservoirs. This research represents the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of L. wollei in comparison with the traditional morphological characterization of this species. Specimens were collected from several springs in Florida and a reservoir in North Carolina. Segments of the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA and nifH genes were PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene revealed sequences that fell into three distinct subclusters, each with >97% sequence similarity. These were designated operational taxonomic unit 1 (OTU1), OTU2, and OTU3. Similarly, the nifH sequences fell into three distinct subclusters named S1, S2, and S3. When either bulk samples or individual filaments were analyzed, we recovered OTU1 with S1, OTU2 with S2, and OTU3 with S3. The coherence between the three SSU rRNA gene and nifH subclusters was consistent with genetically distinct strains or species. Cells associated with subclusters OTU3 and S3 were significantly wider and longer than those associated with other subclusters. The combined molecular and morphological data indicate that the species commonly identified as L. wollei in the literature represents two or possibly more species. Springs containing OTU3 and S3 demonstrated lower ion concentrations than other collection sites. Geographical locations of Lyngbya subclusters did not correlate with residual dissolved inorganic nitrogen or phosphorus concentrations. This study emphasizes the need to complement traditional identification with molecular characterization to more definitively detect and characterize harmful cyanobacterial species or strains.

scholarly journals Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of SSU rRNA Gene of Five Microsporidia

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShiNan Dong ◽  
ZhongYuan Shen ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Feng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene from the piscine diplomonad Spironucleus torosus (Diplomonadida: Hexamitinae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Jorgensen ◽  
Anders Alfjorden ◽  
Kristin Henriksen ◽  
Erik Sterud
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene

scholarly journals New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ang Xin De ◽  
Khamisah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad ◽  
Asmad Matusop ◽  
Paul Cliff Simon Divis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Abstract BackgroundThe vectors for Plasmodium knowlesi, a significant cause of human malaria in Southeast Asia, identified previously in nature all belong to the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, to identify vectors of P. knowlesi, where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak. MethodsMosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of anophelines were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small sub-unit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) genes of Plasmodium, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequences of the mosquitoes were derived from the Plasmodium-positive samples for phylogenetic analyses. ResultsA total of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, six An. balabacensis and five An. barbirostris were found to have single P. knowlesi infecions while three other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Phylogenetic analyses of the Plasmodium SSUrRNA genes confirmed 3 An. barbirostris and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and possibly novel species of Plasmodium. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and CO1 sequences of An. balabacensis and An. barbirostris indicate that the former is genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis in Borneo while the latter is a novel sibling species belonging to the Anopheles Barbirostris Subgroup. ConclusionsNew vectors for P. knowlesi in Sarawak were identified, including An. barbirostris, which is a species that does not belong to the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group.

Mycobacterium bourgelatii sp. nov., a rapidly growing, non-chromogenic species isolated from the lymph nodes of cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 4669-4674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Guérin-Faublée ◽  
Jean-Pierre Flandrois ◽  
Catherine Pichat ◽  
Maria Laura Boschiroli ◽  
Brigitte Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Link Type

Three independent strains of a rapidly growing, non-chromogenic member of the genus Mycobacterium were isolated from lymph nodes of French cattle. Identification of the isolates was carried out using a polyphasic approach. The nearly complete SSU rRNA gene sequences (>1200 bp) of the strains MLB-A23, MLB-A30 and MLB-A84T were identical. A phylogenetic analysis of these unique SSU rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains were most closely related to Mycobacterium intermedium . Further phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences (2854 bp) of four housekeeping genes (hsp65, rpoB, sodA and tuf), the transfer–messenger RNA (tmRNA) and SSU rRNA genes indicated that these three strains represented a distinct species that shares a common ancestor with M. intermedium . Phylogenetic and phenotypic data strongly indicate that the strains MLB-A23, MLB-A30 and MLB-A84T belong to a novel mycobacterial species for which the name Mycobacterium bourgelatii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MLB-A84T ( = CIP 110557T = DSM 45746T).

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