Diel Activity Patterns of Two Distinct Populations of Aedes Aegypti in Miami, FL and Brownsville, TX

Abstract The diel biting activity of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L) populations was extensively investigated in the early 1900s to gain more information on the biology of Ae. aegypti, and this information was used to devise effective approaches to controlling populations of this species and protect the human population from widespread arbovirus outbreaks. However, few contemporary studies are available regarding the diel activity patterns of Ae. aegypti. To assess the diel activity patterns of Ae. aegypti in southern Florida and Texas, we conducted 96-hour uninterrupted mosquito collections once each month from May through November 2019 in Miami, Florida, and Brownsville, Texas, using BG-Sentinel 2 Traps. The overall diel activity pattern in both cities was bimodal with morning and evening peak activity between 7:00 and 8:00 and between 19:00 and 20:00. There were significant daily, monthly, seasonal, and site-specific differences in activity patterns, but these differences did not affect the overall peak activity times. These differences suggest daily, monthly, seasonal, and site-specific variations in human exposure to Ae. aegypti. Our observations can be used in planning and executing Ae. aegypti vector control activities in southern Florida and Texas, especially those targeting the adult mosquito populations.

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Diel activity patterns in nymphs of an Australian mayfly Atalophlebioides sp. (Ephemeroptera : Leptophlebiidae)

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9810121 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

PCE Bailey

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Lower Surface ◽

Diel Activity ◽

Peak Activity ◽

Competition For Space ◽

Level Of Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Diel Activity Patterns ◽

Laboratory Stream

Activity of nymphs of Atalophlebioides sp. on the surface of a stone in a laboratory stream was greatest at night, with peak activity occurring at about 2400 h. Most nymphs remained on the lower surface of the stone during the day, but there was gradual movement on to the upper surface at night. Although nymphs showed anocturnal maximum in both drift rates (field observation) and activity. peaks of activity did not correspond with peaks in drift rates. Nymphs at high density (15 per stone) showed a significantly greater level of activity during light hours (1200-1800 h) and the first two hours of darkness compared with nymphs at lower densities (five and two per stone) but there was no significant difference in activity between the two lower densities for the period 1200- 2400 h. Feeding behaviour was observed at all three densities, but activities in the form of rapid darting (duration < 1 s) and a 'swimming' response occurred at the higher density. It is postulated that a relationship exists between the swimming response (as a result of competition for space) and the insect's propensity to drift.

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Diel activity pattern of meso-carnivores in the suburban tropical dry evergreen forest of the Coromandel Coast, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.4850.11.8.13960-13966 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 13960-13966

Author(s):

Kangaraj Muthamizh Selvan ◽

Bawa Mothilal Krishnakumar ◽

Pasiyappazham Ramasamy ◽

Thangadurai Thinesh

Keyword(s):

Activity Pattern ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Camera Trap ◽

Diel Activity ◽

Evergreen Forest ◽

Breeding Ecology ◽

Canis Aureus ◽

Diel Activity Pattern ◽

Diel Activity Patterns ◽

Felis Chaus

Sympatric and similar body-sized species exhibit interspecific competition for resources. The present study investigated diel activity of five meso-carnivore species (Canis aureus, Felis chaus, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Viverricula indica, and Herpestes edwardsii) in a human-dominated region of Auroville and around Pondicherry University using camera-trap survey data. Diel activity pattern and overlap were estimated using the kernel density method. The Jungle Cat Felis chaus and the Golden Jackal Canis aureus exhibited cathemeral diel activity with a high overlap between them (Δ̂1 = 0.78). The Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii displayed a diurnal activity pattern and had low overlap with the Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica (Δ̂1 = 0.34). Moderate overlap was found between the Small Indian Civet and the Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Δ̂1 = 0.32). Therefore, diel activity patterns of mesocarnivores indicate inter- and intra-specific trade-off competition avoidance resulting in successful foraging. The present camera-trap survey has provided insights into diel activity patterns and more attention is required to be paid to the study of feeding and breeding ecology of these species in human-dominated landscapes.

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Activity patterns of wild Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in the northern piedmont of the Altun Mountains, China

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/15707563-00002471 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (3-4) ◽

pp. 209-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yadong Xue ◽

Diqiang Li ◽

Wenfa Xiao ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Yuguang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Endangered Species ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Relative Activity ◽

Diel Activity ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Critically Endangered Species ◽

Camelus Bactrianus ◽

Diel Activity Patterns ◽

Bactrian Camels

There are significant gaps in our knowledge of wild camel ecology; especially the activity patterns that allow them to adapt to desert environments. The wild Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a critically endangered species that survives in the extreme desert conditions of Central Asia. We conducted camera trapping surveys at seven watering sites in the northern piedmont of the Altun Mountains from 2010 to 2012. We analyzed the frequency of photo-captures to elucidate the wild camels’ diel activity patterns, and the seasonal variation in their activity at watering sites. We found that these wild camels were predominantly diurnal at watering sites, with an increase in relative activity from sunrise, reaching a peak toward midday, and then gradually decreasing in activity until sunset. The camels visited watering sites more often in winter than in summer. These results provide a guide for water development in the conservation of ungulates in arid areas.

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Effects of human settlement and roads on diel activity patterns of elephants (Loxodonta africana )

African Journal of Ecology ◽

10.1111/aje.12552 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 872-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kaitlyn M. Gaynor ◽

Paola S. Branco ◽

Ryan A. Long ◽

Dominique D. Gonçalves ◽

Petter K. Granli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activity Patterns ◽

Loxodonta Africana ◽

Diel Activity ◽

Human Settlement ◽

Diel Activity Patterns

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Activity patterns of the small and medium felid (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) guild in northeastern India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.4662.11.4.13432-13447 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 13432-13447 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shomita Mukherjee ◽

Priya Singh ◽

André Pinto Silva ◽

Chandan Ri ◽

Kashmira Kakati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activity Patterns ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Diel Activity ◽

Point Scale ◽

Clouded Leopard ◽

Northeastern India ◽

Additional Information ◽

Extant Species ◽

Diel Activity Patterns ◽

Leopard Cat

Fifteen extant species of cats inhabit India, and the northeastern region of the country is among the richest with nine species. Among these are the “standard four”, an assemblage of Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa, Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii, Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata, and Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis, which also occur across southeastern Asia. Within India, despite several surveys in this region, very little information exists on the ecology of this assemblage to explain their co-occurrence. In this paper, we put together data from several independent camera trapping studies over 10 sites across northeastern India to examine and interpret diel activity patterns of this group. While we present results for all the four species, we focus on two species, the Marbled Cat and Leopard Cat, which are of very similar body size and are potential competitors. We used kernel density estimates to measure diel activity patterns of all four species and overlap in activity between Marbled Cat and Leopard Cat at the regional scale as well as the point scale. We obtained 783 captures of the standard four from >27,500 trap nights. The Asiatic Golden Cat and Marbled Cat were strongly diurnal, Clouded Leopard largely crepuscular and nocturnal, and Leopard Cat largely nocturnal. The degree of overlap between Marbled Cat and Leopard Cat activity was low and in consensus with other studies across southeastern Asia. We interpret this as the differing niche spaces of the two cats due to their specific pre-existing adaptations, not restricted to the effects of competition. The point scale analysis when both cats are captured at the same location and separately show no shift in activity pattern, supporting our hypothesis of pre-existing differences in resources, such as food, playing a major role in facilitating co-existence. Our study, however, is preliminary and additional information with robust analysis is required to test this finding.

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Ontogeny of the diel activity patterns in relation to downstream dispersal in riverine cyprinid fishes

Journal of Fish Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1095-8649.2003.216bk.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 254-254

Author(s):

M. Ondračková ◽

E. Mazurová ◽

M. Reichard ◽

P. Jurajda

Keyword(s):

Activity Patterns ◽

Diel Activity ◽

Diel Activity Patterns ◽

Cyprinid Fishes

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Non-uniform evolutionary response of gecko eye size to changes in diel activity patterns

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2018.0064 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 20180064 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lars Schmitz ◽

Timothy E. Higham

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Model Fitting ◽

Regime Shifts ◽

Least Square ◽

Diel Activity ◽

Relevant Variable ◽

Eye Size ◽

Evolutionary Response ◽

Diel Activity Patterns

Geckos feature a large range of eye sizes, but what drives this phenotypic diversity is currently unknown. Earlier studies point towards diel activity patterns (DAPs) and locomotory mode, but phylogenetic comparative studies in support of the proposed adaptive mode of eye evolution are lacking. Here, we test the hypothesis of DAPs as the driver of eye size evolution with a dataset on 99 species of gecko. Results from phylogenetic generalized least-square analysis (PGLS) and multivariate model-fitting reveal smaller eyes in diurnal geckos consistent with different phenotypic optima. However, Bayesian analyses of selective regime shifts demonstrate that only two of nine transitions from nocturnal to diurnal activity are coupled with decreases in eye size, and two other regime shifts are not associated with DAP transitions. This non-uniform evolutionary response suggests that eye size is not the only functionally relevant variable. Evolutionary adaptations may therefore include different combinations of several traits (e.g. photoreceptors), all with the same functional outcome. Our results further demonstrate that DAP only partially explains eye size diversity in geckos. As open habitats favour the evolution of large eyes while obstructed habitats favour small eyes, the degree of habitat clutter emerges as another potential axis of eye diversification.

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