scholarly journals The Distribution and Accessibility of Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinics in Mainland China From 2006 to 2018: a Population-based Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ma ◽  
Fu Bai ◽  
Lina Gao ◽  
Yanjun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
The Western Region

Abstract Background: Infertility is a global health problem that carries a high social and economic burden. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been developed in mainland China for over 30 years. We aimed to evaluate the accessibility and equity of distribution of ART facilities in mainland China from 2006 to 2018, and quantify the population with reduced geographic access to ART services.Method: A retrospective study was conducted to describe the trend and analyze the equity of distribution of ART clinics in 2006, 2012, and 2018. Coverage rates were calculated by city and by population. Size of population living in areas with different regional choice of ART services was identified. The Gini coefficients were calculated to measure the equity of the distribution of ART clinics.Results: There were 85 ART clinics (not counting artificial insemination clinics) in mainland China in 2006, 356 in 2012, and 498 in 2018 . The coverage rate of ART clinics was increased significantly (P＜0.05). Eastern China had the most extensive coverage, followed by the central region, while the western region had the least coverage (P＜0.05). At the end of 2018, 171.4 million people in 47 cities had no access to in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics, but had access to at least one artificial insemination clinic in their own cities. There were still 354.9 million people (25.4% of the population) living in 148 cities without any ART clinics, indicating that 179.5 million people of reproductive age had no access to ART services. The Gini coefficients for the distribution of IVF clinics in mainland China in 2006, 2012, and 2018 were 0.389, 0.275 and 0,267 respectively, and for the distribution of ART clinics in 2012, and 2018 were 0.222 and 0.213.Conclusion(s): The accessibility of ART clinics in mainland China increased significantly in the twelve years to 2018. The equity of distribution of ART clinics was quite balanced over the country. However, underserved areas still exist, especially in the western region, which has spurred more targeted policies and cost-effective measures to improve the accessibility and availability of ART services in such areas.

scholarly journals Lviv as a Metropolitan Center of the Western Region of Ukraine: Peculiarities of Demographic Structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
I. O. KURYLO ◽  
T. M. GARASHCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Population Demographic

The paper deals with identifying modern features of population structure of Lviv city as the metropolis of the western region of Ukraine. It has been done by using comparative analysis of gender and age structure of Lviv population with the urban population of Lviv region and with the east and south Ukrainian metropolises. Th e modern peculiarities of gender and age composition of Lviv population are considered according to a set of indicators using statistical and demographic methods of structure and dynamics analysis as well as comparative assessment of structures using the model of stable population. Demographic structure is analyzed with estimation methods which haven’t been used in studies of these territorial objects yet. Th ere are several diff erent “thresholds” of sexes balancing age in the population of Lviv and other metropolises, which is explained by the gender specifi cs of educational and labor migration to these cities as educational and economic centers of Ukraine with their inherent features of economic major. Th e analysis revealed that among the considered cities the population of Lviv is younger, it has a slightly higher proportion of youth and women in reproductive age, signifi cantly lower demographic burden on population of working age by older people and higher burden by children and adolescents. Th ese features are associated with more favorable regime of natural reproduction and refl ects the existing and potential demoeconomic advantages of Lviv against the background of the south and east cities. Th e population of Lviv is, however, demographically older than the urban population of Lviv region (minus the regional center) due to relatively higher life expectancy and slightly lower reproductive activity. Th e study has underlined the diff erences between Lviv and studied metropolises of the south and east in terms of its demographic structure. It should be noted that although in the short and medium term the population aging in Lviv will be pro gressing, but in general the center of the western region of Ukraine has better demographic prerequisites for socio-economic development and, in particular, spurring the innovation.

scholarly journals Obstetric outcomes of monochorionic pregnancies conceived following assisted reproductive technology: A retrospective study

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Mascarenhas ◽  
K Muthukumar ◽  
TK Aleyamma ◽  
Achamma Chandy ◽  
MohanS Kamath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes

scholarly journals Overcoming Male infertility through assisted reproductive technology : An Ethical analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Sharmin ◽  
BN Ruslin ◽  
BMN Hanapi ◽  
B Rani
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Ethical Perspective

This paper aims to address ethical issues related to the assisted reproductive technology of artificial insemination [AI] from the Western ethical perspective. Our evaluation suggests that Western ethicists offer some arguments both for and against the application of this modern assisted reproductive technology.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.5(1) 2014: 10-14

scholarly journals Evaluation of Protocols of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in Obtaining Mature Oocytes (MII): Retrospective Study on Assisted Reproductive Technology Procedures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Manuela Ribeiro Barbosa Martins ◽  
Patrícia C P de F G C Ruivo ◽  
Denise Cristina Mós Vaz-Oliani ◽  
Renato Alessandre Silva Martins ◽  
Antonio Helio Oliani
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Controlled Ovarian Stimulation
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