Lviv as a Metropolitan Center of the Western Region of Ukraine: Peculiarities of Demographic Structure

The paper deals with identifying modern features of population structure of Lviv city as the metropolis of the western region of Ukraine. It has been done by using comparative analysis of gender and age structure of Lviv population with the urban population of Lviv region and with the east and south Ukrainian metropolises. Th e modern peculiarities of gender and age composition of Lviv population are considered according to a set of indicators using statistical and demographic methods of structure and dynamics analysis as well as comparative assessment of structures using the model of stable population. Demographic structure is analyzed with estimation methods which haven’t been used in studies of these territorial objects yet. Th ere are several diff erent “thresholds” of sexes balancing age in the population of Lviv and other metropolises, which is explained by the gender specifi cs of educational and labor migration to these cities as educational and economic centers of Ukraine with their inherent features of economic major. Th e analysis revealed that among the considered cities the population of Lviv is younger, it has a slightly higher proportion of youth and women in reproductive age, signifi cantly lower demographic burden on population of working age by older people and higher burden by children and adolescents. Th ese features are associated with more favorable regime of natural reproduction and refl ects the existing and potential demoeconomic advantages of Lviv against the background of the south and east cities. Th e population of Lviv is, however, demographically older than the urban population of Lviv region (minus the regional center) due to relatively higher life expectancy and slightly lower reproductive activity. Th e study has underlined the diff erences between Lviv and studied metropolises of the south and east in terms of its demographic structure. It should be noted that although in the short and medium term the population aging in Lviv will be pro gressing, but in general the center of the western region of Ukraine has better demographic prerequisites for socio-economic development and, in particular, spurring the innovation.

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Geographical aspects of the demographic situation in Western Ukraine

Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography ◽

10.30970/vgg.2018.52.10170 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 72-78

Author(s):

Iryna Hudzelyak

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Urban Population ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Western Region ◽

Demographic Situation ◽

Western Ukraine ◽

The Western Region ◽

Population Demographic

The population of Western Ukraine decreases over the 2001–2016 years and at present is 9,356 thousands or 21 % of the whole population. Due to the slower pace of depopulation in comparison with other regions, the demographic weight of the Western region increases in the population of Ukraine. The rural population of the Western region decreases, while the urban population due to migration inflows increases. The level of urbanization in the Western region remains the lowest in Ukraine – only 49 %, but the rate of urbanization in the last 15 years was the highest in the country, except the capital region. Improvements in the economic activity and expansion of urban areas have a place in many cities. The level of population ageing of the Western region is the lowest in Ukraine and the more aged population is rural. Due to reduced fertility and the premature mortality, extremely rapid ageing of the urban population occurs. Because of the great migration losses in rural areas in recent decades, the level of ageing of the rural population is growing really slowly and in Volyn region, the rural population became younger. The birth rate here is the highest in Ukraine, especially in rural areas of Rivne, Zakarpattia, and Volyn regions. Therefore, the proportion of children in all types of settlements dramatically exceeds the average indicators among Ukrainian. The urban population of the region is characterised by a new European model of reproductive behaviour that defines the main demographic parameters: low fertility, including early birth, the dominance of nucleus families, and higher age for marriages. In general, the most favourable demographic situation is in Zakarpattia region and rural areas of Rivne region, which is mostly achieved by high birth rates, lower level of premature mortality and lower migration loss of reproductive groups. The worst demographic situation among the Western regions is in the Ternopil region, where demographic potential in the rural areas significantly decreased as a result of large migration losses and a rapid decline in fertility. Key words: population, demographic situation, urbanization, depopulation, demographic ageing, natural reproduction, migration.

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Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever virus infection among domestic ruminant herds in Uganda

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02867-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Deo B. Ndumu ◽

Barnabas Bakamutumaho ◽

Edward Miller ◽

Jesca Nakayima ◽

Robert Downing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Northern Region ◽

Western Region ◽

Domestic Ruminant ◽

The South ◽

Valley Fever ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

The Western Region

Abstract Background Prior to the first recorded outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Uganda, in March 2016, earlier studies done until the 1970’s indicated the presence of the RVF virus (RVFV) in the country, without any recorded outbreaks in either man or animals. While severe outbreaks of RVF occurred in the neighboring countries, none were reported in Uganda despite forecasts that placed some parts of Uganda at similar risk. The Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) undertook studies to determine the RVF sero-prevalence in risk prone areas. Three datasets from cattle sheep and goats were obtained; one from retrospective samples collected in 2010–2011 from the northern region; the second from the western region in 2013 while the third was from a cross-sectional survey done in 2016 in the south-western region. Laboratory analysis involved the use of the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analyses, including non-parametric chi-square tests for comparisons between districts and species in the regions. Results During the Yellow Fever outbreak investigation of 2010–2011 in the northern region, a total sero-prevalence of 6.7% was obtained for anti RVFV reacting antibodies (IgG and IgM) among the domestic ruminant population. The 2013 sero-survey in the western region showed a prevalence of 18.6% in cattle and 2.3% in small ruminants. The 2016 sero-survey in the districts of Kabale, Kanungu, Kasese, Kisoro and Rubirizi, in the south-western region, had the respective district RVF sero-prevalence of 16.0, 2.1, 0.8, 15.1and 2.7% among the domestic ruminants combined for this region; bovines exhibited the highest cumulative sero-prevalence of 15.2%, compared to 5.3 and 4.0% respectively for sheep and goats per species for the region. Conclusions The absence of apparent outbreaks in Uganda, despite neighboring enzootic areas, having minimal restrictions to the exchange of livestock and their products across borders, suggest an unexpected RVF activity in the study areas that needs to be unraveled. Therefore, more in-depth studies are planned to mitigate the risk of an overt RVF outbreak in humans and animals as has occurred in neighboring countries.

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Iodine adequacy in reproductive age and pregnant women living in the Western region of Saudi Arabia

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-020-03057-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Firas Azzeh ◽

Bassem Refaat

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Western Region ◽

The Western Region

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Seismic Interpretation of Special Lithologic Body and Evaluation of Lithologic Traps—Taking the Target of the Lower Jurassic in the Western Region of Block K of the South Turgay Basin as an Example

Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering - Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2019 ◽

10.1007/978-981-15-2485-1_303 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3267-3277

Author(s):

Rui Cai ◽

Hao Liu ◽

Ming-jun Zhang ◽

Ji-quan Yin ◽

Ling-hong Kong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Jurassic ◽

Seismic Interpretation ◽

Western Region ◽

The South ◽

The Western Region

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A new stiletto fly genus from South America (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4751.2.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4751 (2) ◽

pp. 276-290

Author(s):

MICHAEL E. IRWIN ◽

SHAUN L. WINTERTON

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

Western Region ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

The Western Region

The South American members of the stiletto fly subfamily Agapophytinae (Diptera: Therevidae) comprise three genera that occur predominantly in the western region. Here we describe a newly discovered genus, Sigalopella gen. n., from Chile containing four new species.

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The Distribution and Accessibility of Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinics in Mainland China From 2006 to 2018: a Population-based Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-120639/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Ma ◽

Fu Bai ◽

Lina Gao ◽

Yanjun Fan

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Eastern China ◽

Mainland China ◽

Reproductive Technology ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Western Region ◽

Gini Coefficients ◽

The Western Region

Abstract Background: Infertility is a global health problem that carries a high social and economic burden. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been developed in mainland China for over 30 years. We aimed to evaluate the accessibility and equity of distribution of ART facilities in mainland China from 2006 to 2018, and quantify the population with reduced geographic access to ART services.Method: A retrospective study was conducted to describe the trend and analyze the equity of distribution of ART clinics in 2006, 2012, and 2018. Coverage rates were calculated by city and by population. Size of population living in areas with different regional choice of ART services was identified. The Gini coefficients were calculated to measure the equity of the distribution of ART clinics.Results: There were 85 ART clinics (not counting artificial insemination clinics) in mainland China in 2006, 356 in 2012, and 498 in 2018 . The coverage rate of ART clinics was increased significantly (P＜0.05). Eastern China had the most extensive coverage, followed by the central region, while the western region had the least coverage (P＜0.05). At the end of 2018, 171.4 million people in 47 cities had no access to in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics, but had access to at least one artificial insemination clinic in their own cities. There were still 354.9 million people (25.4% of the population) living in 148 cities without any ART clinics, indicating that 179.5 million people of reproductive age had no access to ART services. The Gini coefficients for the distribution of IVF clinics in mainland China in 2006, 2012, and 2018 were 0.389, 0.275 and 0,267 respectively, and for the distribution of ART clinics in 2012, and 2018 were 0.222 and 0.213.Conclusion(s): The accessibility of ART clinics in mainland China increased significantly in the twelve years to 2018. The equity of distribution of ART clinics was quite balanced over the country. However, underserved areas still exist, especially in the western region, which has spurred more targeted policies and cost-effective measures to improve the accessibility and availability of ART services in such areas.

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