Long-Term Study of Borrelia and Babesia Species Distribution in Ixodes Ricinus and Dermacentor Recticulatus Ticks Removed From Humans in Poland, 2016-2019

Abstract Monitoring changes in the prevalence of different Borrelia genospecies/ species in ticks might be an important indicator of risk assessment and of differences in pathogenicity in humans. Furthermore, the evaluation of pathogens in feeding ticks represents the risk of human exposure better than studies on questing ticks. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of Borrelia and Babesia species in ticks removed from humans, in a larger sample collected for several months during four years of studies. We confirmed high Borrelia prevalence, including B. miyamotoi, in ticks removed from humans as well as the shift in Borrelia genospecies/ species frequency of occurrence during the four-year study. Despite the fact that Babesia prevalence was relatively low, the majority of tested isolates are considered to be pathogenic for humans. The results of our study have also shown that Borrelia and Babesia coinfections in ticks are more common in Borrelia-infected ticks. Even if the overall risk of developing Lyme borreliosis after a tick bite in Europe is rather low, the knowledge of prevalence and distribution of Borrelia and Babesia species in ticks might be an important indicator of both tick-borne disease risk and pathogenicity assessment.

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Land, Investment, and Migration

10.1093/oso/9780198852766.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camilla Toulmin

Keyword(s):

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study ◽

The People ◽

And Migration ◽

Village Society ◽

The Village ◽

Society Today ◽

New Strategies ◽

Better Than

How do people survive and thrive in the uncertain and risk-prone Sahel? This long-term study portrays the people of Dlonguébougou in Central Mali, to show how they have adapted to change over the last 35 years, shaping new strategies and finding new sources of cash. Drawing on my 2 years in the village in 1980–1982, published in Cattle, Women, and Wells: Managing Household Survival in the Sahel (OUP 1992), I have revisited the people to explore the village economy and society today. A tripling in population, unpredictable rainfall, and the arrival of the Chinese have forced people into new ways of both making ends meet and building up wealth—some are doing much better than others. Using a combination of infographics, satellite images, interviews, and survey data, my research presents the different strategies and fortunes of individuals and their families, the search for new cash incomes, the shift of people from village to town, and the erosion of collective solidarity at household and village levels. Overall, people’s fortunes have been mixed. Many people acknowledge they have become financially better off, but they are no longer so rooted in the life and landscape of millet farming, which had structured household relationships and village society. Land has become much scarcer, and the villagers can no longer exert much power over the wider society and environment. In eight chapters, Land, Investment, and Migration is written in an engaging style, with plenty of illustrations and material from interviews.

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Kidney Transplants Are Faring Better Than Previously Reported, Long-Term Study Shows

Kidney Research Journal ◽

10.3923/krj.2011.50.50 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 50-50

Author(s):

. .

Keyword(s):

Kidney Transplants ◽

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Better Than

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Tranquilizers or Anti-Depressants for Chronic Schizophrenics: A Long Term Study

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/00048677509159857 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 241-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jagdish S. Teja ◽

William H. Grey ◽

Judith M. Clum ◽

Carmen Warren

Keyword(s):

Relative Efficacy ◽

Term Study ◽

Placebo Period ◽

Therapeutic Advantage ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Chronic Schizophrenics ◽

Maximum Improvement ◽

Better Than

The relative efficacy of 4 tranquilizers was investigated in 66 chronic schizophrenics who had been hospitalized for 10.01 years (mean). The role of adding an anti-depressant was also studied. Following a 4 week placebo period, high dosage tranquilizers were given for 16 weeks and amitriptyline was added for the following 16 weeks. Statistical analyses of the various change measures revealed that patients worsened significantly on placebo, all 4 tranquilizers were significantly better than placebo for symptom reduction and maximum improvement was attained within 16 weeks of tranquilizer administration. No significant differences in efficacy were observed among the 4 tranquilizers and addition of amitriptyline did not confer any additional therapeutic advantage.

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