The New Deep Web Drug Market Place (And the role of Bitcoin as a currency for drugs)

Drugs are a true menace to our society today. “Drug use on the rise” is an increasingly common headline in newspapers and it is well-known that this is the case. With the topic of drugs becoming more and more common in popular media, youngsters are especially influenced to try drugs. This is not a new problem, as such, and has been a relevant issue in modern society. Coupled with this, the internet plays a huge role in spreading information about emerging drugs (such as synthetic and ‘designer’ drugs). [2] This paper aims to understand the role of the internet’s Deep Web [3] and Bitcoin (and other Crypto currencies) in dealing drugs online.

Eksistensi akad salam pada kaidah al masyaqah tajlib at taisir

The increasing variety of transactions that occur in society today requires us as Muslims to know what types of transactions we can and cannot do. One way is to understand the various fiqh rules, especially fiqh muamalah. In this study, I discuss the existence of the salam contract as the implementation of the fiqh rules of muamalah al masyaqah tajlibu at-taisir. This study aims to determine the main purpose of the existence of the rules of al masyaqah tajlibu at-taisir, the application of the salam contract as a realization of these rules and what are the impacts of the application of the greeting contract itself.This research uses research and development methods. Salam contracts in several hadiths and verses of the Qur'an are explained implicitly. Then with the development of knowledge and the needs of human muamalah, salam contracts are considered necessary to be studied more deeply and in detail to meet human needs but do not deviate from Islamic rules.Based on research from various existing literature, it is known that the salam contract is applied in banking and basic human muamalah life such as buying and selling online. The conclusion of this study is the existence of the rule of al masyaqah tajlibu at-taisir which is one of the basis for the birth of the salam contract as an effort to prevent the practice of usury, either directly or hidden.

Racismo no futebol

PT. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os Julgamentos (Martin e White, 2005) presentes no discurso midiático a respeito de um caso de racismo sofrido pelo jogador Daniel Alves em 2014, à época, no Barcelona. A análise foi feita a partir do fragmento de um corpus coletado em minha pesquisa de mestrado (Pimenta, 2019), compilado com a plataforma Sketch Engine a partir de 65 artigos de hard news sobre o tema, publicados de forma online no Brasil, totalizando 21.387 formas, 1.014 sentenças e 25.127 palavras. Para os trechos analisados neste artigo, considera-se apenas os trechos das notícias nos quais a voz do repórter está sendo utilizada em primeiro plano. A análise é realizada a partir da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (Halliday e Matthiessen, 2014) e do Sistema de Avaliatividade (Martin e White, 2005), a partir dos quais a linguagem é visualizada como um sistema sociossemiótico, ou seja, entende-se que a comunicação se dá por um sistema, sendo ele repleto de significados de cunhos sociais e culturais. O trabalho também se baseia na hipótese de que as hard news nunca são neutras (White, 2003) e, portanto, passíveis da presença de significados avaliativos ao longo do texto. Para compreender o contexto no qual as notícias estão sendo relatadas, há ainda uma compreensão inicial sobre alguns preceitos das relações raciais no Brasil e no futebol. Os resultados mostram que a linguagem utilizada pelo discurso midiático opera como fator de reforço para padrões de representação sobre o racismo no futebol e seus aspectos presentes na sociedade brasileira. Uma vez em que o racismo é base para as formas de desigualdade e violência dessa sociedade (Almeida, 2019), é possível observar que a presença deste na estrutura se mostra visível na linguagem em uso. Os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa oferecem, ainda, um desenho para uma metodologia de análise de aspectos sociológicos do esporte e do racismo como ideologia vigente por meio da linguagem intrínseca. *** EN. This article analyzes the judgments (Martin and White, 2005) developed in the media coverage of a case of racial discrimination experienced by Brazilian Daniel Alves in 2014, at the time playing for the FC Barcelona. The analysis is based on a segment of a corpus compiled as part of a master's research (Pimenta, 2019) using the platform Sketch Engine. The corpus is composed of 65 hard news articles published online in Brazilian media, which break down into 21,387 forms, 1,014 sentences and 25,127 words. The analysis focuses exclusively on extracts in which the journalist’s position is made clear. Research methodology is based on systemic-functional linguistics (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014) and appraisal theory (Martin and White, 2005), which consider language as a socio-semiotic system loaded with social and cultural meanings, through which communication occurs. The research is based on the hypothesis that hard news is never neutral (White, 2003). On the contrary, hard news articles include an evaluative dimension throughout the reports. Understanding some of the precepts of race relations in Brazil and in soccer is central to better understant the context in which the news is reported. Results of the analysis show that the language produced by media coverage reinforces standards of race representation in soccer, which is part of the larger racial discrimination dynamics that characterize contemporary Brazilian society. The language used by the media indeed illustrates how racial discrimination is a root cause of inequality and violence in Brazilian society today (Almeida, 2019). Based on the data collected, a methodological model of analysis was developed through language and its intrinsic features, allowing to reveal specific sociological aspects of sports and racial discrimination, which still today remains a dominant ideology. *** FR. Cet article analyse les jugements (Martin et White, 2005) présents dans le discours médiatique autour d’un cas de racisme subi par le Brésilien Daniel Alves en 2014, à l’époque joueur du FC Barcelone. L'analyse se penche sur une partie d’un corpus plus large compilé dans le cadre d’une recherche de master (Pimenta, 2019) à l’aide de la plateforme Sketch Engine. Ce corpus de 65 articles de hard news sur le sujet, publiés en ligne dans des médias brésiliens, est constitué de 21 387 formes, 1 014 phrases et 25 127 mots. L’analyse porte uniquement sur les extraits où la voix du journaliste apparait au premier plan. L’apport méthodologique repose sur la linguistique systémique-fonctionnelle (Halliday et Matthiessen, 2014) et sur la théorie de l’évaluation (Martin et White, 2005), où le langage est perçu comme un système socio-sémiotique chargé de significations de natures sociale et culturelle, au travers duquel se réalise la communication. Notre étude part de l'hypothèse que les hard news ne sont jamais neutres (White, 2003). Bien au contraire, elles sont sujettes à la présence de significations évaluatives tout au long du texte. Ainsi, pour appréhender le contexte dans lequel sont rapportées les informations d’actualité, il importe également de comprendre certains préceptes des relations raciales au Brésil et dans le football. Les résultats montrent que le langage produit par le discours médiatique renforce les standards de représentation du racisme dans le football et les aspects de ce racisme qui caractérisent la société brésilienne. En effet, le langage des médias illustre bien le fait que le racisme est à la base des formes d'inégalité et de violence de cette société (Almeida, 2019). A partir des données recueillies, nous avons pu construire un modèle méthodologique d'analyse, par le biais du langage et des traits qui lui sont intrinsèques, capable de révéler certains aspects sociologiques du sport et du racisme, qui s’avèrent constituer l'idéologie dominante. ***

Thematizing Marriage in Ama Ata Aidoo’s Changes and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple hibiscus: The Dynamics of Modern African Marriage Relationship

The task of this paper is to highlight some of the marriage relationship tendencies that have changed in the modern African Marriage, in relation to the traditional norms, as manifest in two texts of two African Feminist writers. The study thus examines how Ama Ata Aidoo’s Changes and Chimamanda N. Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus explore the marriage institution in Africa and unearth the changing dynamics in it, as it pertains to the modern or post-modern African society. The study concluded that though the dignity of marriage coupled with its necessity as a social institution is unquestionably maintained in our focused African texts, its dynamics, in modern society, must yield to positive change, at least, to reflect the emerging socio-economic trends in African society today.

The Legal Binding of Mui's Fatwa Number 18 Year 2020 in Relation to The Rejection The Buried Process of Corps with Positive Corona Virus in Kecamatan Jati Asih, Kota Bekasi from March 2020-December 2020

The 2019 corona virus disease is an infectious disease that is currently endemic to the point of causing death. The problem in society today is the refusal to bury the bodies of patients suffering from this disease. MUI issued fatwas to help the public in dealing with existing problems related to the COVID-19 epidemic. The research aims to determine the application and regulation of the MUI Fatwa in connection with the burial of corpses who died as a result of COVID-19. Sociological juridical research type with a descriptive-analytic approach. The data taken consists of secondary data, in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. In addition, as an analysis material, primary research data obtained from Jati Asih District was also used for the period of March 2020 - December 2020, where it is known that there are still many people who do not understand how to treat the bodies of patients infected with the COVID 19 virus. due to the absence of binding regulations regarding the handling of the bodies of COVID-19 patients and the lack of public knowledge regarding the handling of the bodies of patients infected with this virus. So that there is a need for binding regulations regarding the burial process of the bodies of COVID-19 patients.

The time in which nothing happened: A memorial to the Battle of Verdun considered through the theoretical discourse of Paul Virilio and his accusations about the violent phenomena of speed

<p>Architecture is under attack! Where it could once be understood as a medium of communication which helped society to situate their existential role within society. Today it can be increasingly understood as little more than a spatial device necessitated by humanities inert vulnerability to the exterior landscape. In the face of the post-modern phenomenon of speed, architecture is becoming a tectonic of interference. Cars to pass around it, communications pierce through it and for the people whom exist within it, it increasingly disappears. While the problems that stem from this remain unclear. Through investigating the work of French intellectual and humanist Paul Virilio, the accidents that this may cause, become slowly exposed. Manifesting themselves beyond just the physical accidents which occur as a direct result of technological progress. But equally as accidental shifts of human consciousness leading to permanent alteration in the ways in which reality is informed. Due to the fact that, perception, which must be understood as filtered and subconsciously reformatted, is a learned response to the otherwise overwhelming stimulation of both physical and virtual speed. Virilio proposes that what this will lead to is a profound disconnection between the individuals who experience the speed of hypermodernity and the objective world. A world which is informed by both by the unrelenting passing of time but also the historical events which slowly play out over time. The problem with this, Virilio would argue, is that the ability to react appropriately to the events and accidents which make up this contemporary existence, is contingent upon this connection. Therefore it would appear that this problem becomes self-perpetuating. The more speed disconnects individuals from the world around them, the harder it becomes to react to the accidents caused by speed, because these accidents increasingly become perceived, or rather not perceived, as time in which nothing happened. In direct opposition to this, the fading memory of the battle of Verdun is forced up against this paradigm, providing the necessary groundwork for Virilio’s work to be explored. Through this dialogue, design conclusions will be reached through the process of designing a memorial architecture, which will be positioned on the site of the battlefield. A process that explores architectures role in returning a collective consciousness back to the battle of Verdun. Whilst simultaneously reconsidering the nature of this responsibility in the contemporary landscape that society has found itself within, only a 100 years after the final shots were fired.</p>

The time in which nothing happened: A memorial to the Battle of Verdun considered through the theoretical discourse of Paul Virilio and his accusations about the violent phenomena of speed

<p>Architecture is under attack! Where it could once be understood as a medium of communication which helped society to situate their existential role within society. Today it can be increasingly understood as little more than a spatial device necessitated by humanities inert vulnerability to the exterior landscape. In the face of the post-modern phenomenon of speed, architecture is becoming a tectonic of interference. Cars to pass around it, communications pierce through it and for the people whom exist within it, it increasingly disappears. While the problems that stem from this remain unclear. Through investigating the work of French intellectual and humanist Paul Virilio, the accidents that this may cause, become slowly exposed. Manifesting themselves beyond just the physical accidents which occur as a direct result of technological progress. But equally as accidental shifts of human consciousness leading to permanent alteration in the ways in which reality is informed. Due to the fact that, perception, which must be understood as filtered and subconsciously reformatted, is a learned response to the otherwise overwhelming stimulation of both physical and virtual speed. Virilio proposes that what this will lead to is a profound disconnection between the individuals who experience the speed of hypermodernity and the objective world. A world which is informed by both by the unrelenting passing of time but also the historical events which slowly play out over time. The problem with this, Virilio would argue, is that the ability to react appropriately to the events and accidents which make up this contemporary existence, is contingent upon this connection. Therefore it would appear that this problem becomes self-perpetuating. The more speed disconnects individuals from the world around them, the harder it becomes to react to the accidents caused by speed, because these accidents increasingly become perceived, or rather not perceived, as time in which nothing happened. In direct opposition to this, the fading memory of the battle of Verdun is forced up against this paradigm, providing the necessary groundwork for Virilio’s work to be explored. Through this dialogue, design conclusions will be reached through the process of designing a memorial architecture, which will be positioned on the site of the battlefield. A process that explores architectures role in returning a collective consciousness back to the battle of Verdun. Whilst simultaneously reconsidering the nature of this responsibility in the contemporary landscape that society has found itself within, only a 100 years after the final shots were fired.</p>

Analysing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer or Questioning (LQBTQ) Cyberbullying Using Unsupervised Associative Approach Text Analytics Technique

Cyberbullying has become one of the major threats in our society today due to the massive damage that it can cause not only in the cyber world and the internet-based business but also in the lives of many people. The sole purpose of cyberbullying is to hurt and humiliate someone by posting and sending threats online. However, recognition of cyberbullying has proved to be a hard and challenging task for information technologists. The main objective of this study is to analyze and decode the ambiguity of human language used in cyberbullying Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer or Questioning (LGBTQ) victims and detect patterns and trends from the results to produce meaning and knowledge. This study will utilize an unsupervised associative approach text analysis technique that will be used to extract the relevant information from the unstructured text of cyberbullying messages. Furthermore, cyberbullying incidence patterns will be analyzed based on recognizing relationships and meaning between cyberbullying keywords with other words to generate knowledge discovery. “Fuck” and “Shit” account almost half of all cyberbullying words and appear more that 75 % in the dataset as the most frequently used words. Further, the terms “shit”+“hate”+ “fuck” with a positive lift value and “shit”+ “stupid” positive obtained the highest chance of togetherness / chance of utilizing both of these words to cyber bully. The combination of words / word patterns was considered abusive swearing is always considered rude when it is used to intimidate or humiliate someone. The output and results of this study will contribute to formulating future intervention to combat cyberbullying. Furthermore, the results can be utilized as a model in the development of a cyberbullying detection application based on the text relations / associations of words in the comments, replies, blog discussion and discussion groups across the social networks.

E Pluribus Unum

Polarization is a critical problem confronting American politics and society today. The history of the Netherlands serves as both a warning and an opportunity for the United States in its quest to solve pernicious partisanship. The eighteenth-century Dutch Republic demonstrates how continued division without compromise can easily lead to revolution and civil war. In contrast, the nineteenth and twentieth centuries of the Netherlands show how a pluralist political culture created a society of compromise and tolerance. This article suggests several ways in which the United States can start to create a similar society of E pluribus unum and mitigate some of the effects of polarization in contemporary American politics.

Elevating neuroscience literacy and an approach for physiologists

The field of neuroscience has made notable strides that have contributed to progress and change in a number of academic pursuits. However, the lack of understanding of basic neuroscience concepts among the general public is likely to hinder, and in some instances possibly even prevent, the appropriate application of scientific advancements to issues facing society today. Greater neuroscience literacy among the general public is necessary for the benefits of neuroscientific discovery to be fully realized. By actively enhancing neuroscience literacy, scientists can dispel falsehoods established by early research that harmed underrepresented communities, ensure that public conversations concerning neuroscience (e.g., legalization of psychotropic substances) revolve around facts, and empower individuals to make better health decisions. The widespread implementation of communication technologies and various forms of media indicate there are numerous means to engage classroom learners across disciplines and age cohorts and the public to increase neuroscience knowledge. Thus, it is not only necessary but timely that neuroscientists seek meaningful ways to bridge the widening knowledge gap with the public.