scholarly journals Structural emission reduction of China's industrial system and energy system: An input-output analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Hanghang Dong ◽  
Tangyang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Demand Effect

Abstract The global greenhouse effect caused by excessive energy CO 2 emissions has seriously affected the sustainable development of the society, and energy consumption and production mainly come from industrial system and energy system. This paper used the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) and the input-output analysis to study the structural emission reduction of China's industrial and energy systems in 2007-2015. The results showed that: (1) From the analysis of structural factors, the final demand effect was the main factor to promote the growth of energy CO 2 emissions, and the energy intensity effect played a weak role in promoting the growth of energy CO 2 emissions. (2) From the perspective of energy systems, the emission reduction effect of blast furnace gas, raw coal, refinery dry gas and natural gas is obvious, while that of crude oil, gasoline, fuel oil and kerosene is not obvious. (3) From the perspective of China's industrial systems, the tertiary industry played a major role in the final demand effect, followed by secondary industries and the primary industry in turn. Finally, this paper provided a theoretical basis and realistic guiding route for the accurate and efficient emissions reduction of energy system and China's industrial system.

Planning with Semi-input-output Method with Empirical Application to Nigeria. By Arie Kuyvenhoven. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Social Sciences Division. 1978. xi + 266 pp.

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-249
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
Planning Models

Input -output analysis is being widely used in developing countries for planning purposes. For a given level of final demand, input-output analysis allows us to project the required level of gross output to ensure consistency of plan. These projections are made on the assumption that the existing production structure is optimal and it implies that an increase in demand will be met through the expansion of domestic output even when it can be satisfied through an increase in imports. On the other hand, according to the semi-input-output method, we do not have to increase the output of international sectors in order to meet the increase in demand because the level and composition of these activities should be determined by comparative- cost considerations. These are the only national sectors in which output must increase in order to avoid shortage. The semi-input -output method has been such a useful and important contribution, yet, regrettably, its influence on the planning models had been rather limited.

scholarly journals On the method for estimating technical coefficients of input-output analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Do Van Sy ◽  
Bui The Tam ◽  
Nguyen Van Thieu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Linear Programming Problems ◽  
Technical Coefficients

In this paper a new method is presented for estimating the technical coefficients of the input-output analysis model with six sectors by using  the statistical numerical data on the gross domestic product and the  final demand and solving the system of the linear programming problems. The computational results presented in this  paper are more precise than that of the others in the last time. 

Modelling energy system using three-dimensional input-output analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1/2/3) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikuni Yoshida ◽  
Hisashi Ishitani ◽  
Ryuji Matsuhashi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis

scholarly journals Energy-Dominated Local Carbon Emissions in Beijing 2007: Inventory and Input-Output Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Guo ◽  
J. B. Liu ◽  
Ling Shao ◽  
J. S. Li ◽  
Y. R. An
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Local Decision Makers ◽  
Local Emissions

For greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by Beijing economy 2007, a concrete emission inventory covering carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) is presented and associated with an input-output analysis to reveal the local GHG embodiment in final demand and trade without regard to imported emissions. The total direct GHG emissions amount to 1.06E + 08 t CO2-eq, of which energy-related CO2emissions comprise 90.49%, non-energy-related CO2emissions 6.35%, CH4emissions 2.33%, and N2O emissions 0.83%, respectively. In terms of energy-related CO2emissions, the largest source is coal with a percentage of 53.08%, followed by coke with 10.75% and kerosene with 8.44%. Sector 26 (Construction Industry) holds the top local emissions embodied in final demand of 1.86E + 07 t CO2-eq due to its considerable capital, followed by energy-intensive Sectors 27 (Transport and Storage) and 14 (Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals). The GHG emissions embodied in Beijing's exports are 4.90E + 07 t CO2-eq, accounting for 46.01% of the total emissions embodied in final demand. The sound scientific database totally based on local emissions is an important basis to make effective environment and energy policies for local decision makers.

From production to consumption: An inter-sectoral analysis of air emissions external costs in Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-180
Author(s):  
Andrea Molocchi
Keyword(s):  
Final Demand ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Sustainable Finance

Aim of the paper is to attempt an estimate of the air emissions external costs related to activity sectors in Italy with both a production and demand perspective and to explore possible appli-cations of the approach in public policies. This is done by adopting an environmentally ex-tended national input-output modelling (about 20 substances are covered, among which CO2 emissions) and law recognized methods for calculating air emissions external costs in Italy. The external costs resulting from this exercise on 2015 emissions sum up to € 77.4 billion, € 51.7 billion of which are related to all economy sectors of activity, while € 25.7 billion are due to household activities. Total external costs of air emissions embodied in final demand sum up to 53.0 billion euro in 2015 if total activated production is considered (including external costs embodied in imports), while they decrease to 36.1 billion euro if only domestic activated pro-duction is considered (assuming zero external costs embodied in imports). The specific exter-nal costs embodied in final demand, calculated for each sector through input-output analysis, are then compared with the specific external costs of direct emissions of the same sector pro-duction, highlighting the additional information provided by input-output analysis: many branches with relatively low direct external costs show much higher external costs when the supply chain branches are included in the assessment. A final chapter discusses the main poli-cy application areas of the suggested approach, focusing particularly on national environmental fiscal reform, company level environmental management, public investments planning and sustainable finance.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Emission Reduction Targets in Indonesia Electricity Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-130
Author(s):  
Muhammad Indra al Irsyad ◽  
Anthony Halog ◽  
Rabindra Nepal ◽  
Deddy P. Koesrindartoto
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Input Output Analysis

Climate change policy often contradicts the least-cost objective of electricity generation in developing countries. The objective of our study is to propose electricity generation mixes that can meet emission reduction targets in Indonesia. We estimate the optimal generation mix, costs, and emissions from three scenarios, namely existing power plant planning, and 11% and 14% emission reductions in Indonesia’s electricity sector. The estimations are based on linear programming, input-output analysis, and life-cycle analysis, integrated into an agent-based modeling (ABM) platform. The simulation results confirm the existing power plant planning, which is dominated by coal-based power plants, as the lowest-cost scenario in the short-term; however, this scenario also produces the highest emissions. Emission reduction scenarios have lower emissions due to a higher share of renewables and, therefore, the Indonesian electricity system is robust from fossil fuel price increases. In the long-term, costs incurred in the emission reduction scenarios will be lower than electricity generation costs under the existing power plant planning. Our findings should be a basis for re-evaluating energy policies, power plant planning, and the research agenda in Indonesia. Keyword: linear programming, agent-based modelling (ABM), input-output analysis, life-cycle analysis

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