scholarly journals Energy-Dominated Local Carbon Emissions in Beijing 2007: Inventory and Input-Output Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Guo ◽  
J. B. Liu ◽  
Ling Shao ◽  
J. S. Li ◽  
Y. R. An
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Local Decision Makers ◽  
Local Emissions

For greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by Beijing economy 2007, a concrete emission inventory covering carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) is presented and associated with an input-output analysis to reveal the local GHG embodiment in final demand and trade without regard to imported emissions. The total direct GHG emissions amount to 1.06E + 08 t CO2-eq, of which energy-related CO2emissions comprise 90.49%, non-energy-related CO2emissions 6.35%, CH4emissions 2.33%, and N2O emissions 0.83%, respectively. In terms of energy-related CO2emissions, the largest source is coal with a percentage of 53.08%, followed by coke with 10.75% and kerosene with 8.44%. Sector 26 (Construction Industry) holds the top local emissions embodied in final demand of 1.86E + 07 t CO2-eq due to its considerable capital, followed by energy-intensive Sectors 27 (Transport and Storage) and 14 (Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals). The GHG emissions embodied in Beijing's exports are 4.90E + 07 t CO2-eq, accounting for 46.01% of the total emissions embodied in final demand. The sound scientific database totally based on local emissions is an important basis to make effective environment and energy policies for local decision makers.

Planning with Semi-input-output Method with Empirical Application to Nigeria. By Arie Kuyvenhoven. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Social Sciences Division. 1978. xi + 266 pp.

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-249
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
Planning Models

Input -output analysis is being widely used in developing countries for planning purposes. For a given level of final demand, input-output analysis allows us to project the required level of gross output to ensure consistency of plan. These projections are made on the assumption that the existing production structure is optimal and it implies that an increase in demand will be met through the expansion of domestic output even when it can be satisfied through an increase in imports. On the other hand, according to the semi-input-output method, we do not have to increase the output of international sectors in order to meet the increase in demand because the level and composition of these activities should be determined by comparative- cost considerations. These are the only national sectors in which output must increase in order to avoid shortage. The semi-input -output method has been such a useful and important contribution, yet, regrettably, its influence on the planning models had been rather limited.

A Study on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions According to Manufacture of Recycled Rebar Using Wasted Steel from Building Demolition

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 869-875
Author(s):  
Gi Wook Cha ◽  
Won Hwa Hong ◽  
Sung Woo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Building Demolition

In recent year, Korea relies on imports for most of the iron ore, the main raw material of rebar, resulting in CO2 pollution with lots of energy consumption. Hereupon, this study carried out the research on the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the recycled rebar using the wasted steel from building demolition. For that, this study worked out the energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the process of generation, transportation and production of wasted steel and, on the basis of which, it conducted the comparative study with virgin materials. The major research results are as follows: First, the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the recycled rebar were found to be highest in the process of its production at 89.2% and 85%, respectively. In addition, in the comparison between recycled rebar and virgin material, the former was found to be most advantageous in energy consumption. On the contrary, as for CO2 emissions, the recycled rebar showed a 88.3% reduction possibility of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions comparing to statistics of input-output analysis based on competition inducement coefficient, but it was found to be more disadvantageous from the perspective of GHG reduction than the statistics of input-output analysis based on non-competition inducement coefficient.

scholarly journals On the method for estimating technical coefficients of input-output analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Do Van Sy ◽  
Bui The Tam ◽  
Nguyen Van Thieu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Linear Programming Problems ◽  
Technical Coefficients

In this paper a new method is presented for estimating the technical coefficients of the input-output analysis model with six sectors by using  the statistical numerical data on the gross domestic product and the  final demand and solving the system of the linear programming problems. The computational results presented in this  paper are more precise than that of the others in the last time. 

scholarly journals Structural emission reduction of China's industrial system and energy system: An input-output analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Hanghang Dong ◽  
Tangyang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Demand Effect

Abstract The global greenhouse effect caused by excessive energy CO 2 emissions has seriously affected the sustainable development of the society, and energy consumption and production mainly come from industrial system and energy system. This paper used the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) and the input-output analysis to study the structural emission reduction of China's industrial and energy systems in 2007-2015. The results showed that: (1) From the analysis of structural factors, the final demand effect was the main factor to promote the growth of energy CO 2 emissions, and the energy intensity effect played a weak role in promoting the growth of energy CO 2 emissions. (2) From the perspective of energy systems, the emission reduction effect of blast furnace gas, raw coal, refinery dry gas and natural gas is obvious, while that of crude oil, gasoline, fuel oil and kerosene is not obvious. (3) From the perspective of China's industrial systems, the tertiary industry played a major role in the final demand effect, followed by secondary industries and the primary industry in turn. Finally, this paper provided a theoretical basis and realistic guiding route for the accurate and efficient emissions reduction of energy system and China's industrial system.

A Time-Series Energy Input-Output Analysis for Building an Infrastructure for the Energy and Environment Policy in South Korea

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whan-Sam Chung ◽  
Susumu Tohno
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Environment Policy ◽  
Input Output Analysis

From an average annual growth rate point of view, it might be concluded that the government's efforts in reducing Korea's GHG emission have been making progress; the growth rate of South Korea's GHG emission (4.8%) was less than that of its primary energy consumption (6.2%) during 1990–2000. To cope with a more strict protocol worldwide, South Korea should avoid the usual political rhetoric or declaration of principles and it should launch an effective action. Such a transition from a policy perspective would begin by the analysis of the interrelations among economic activities, energy use, and GHG emissions. The application of an input-output approach, which incorporates a material flow analysis, could be a very useful tool for such an analysis. In this study, four sequential 96 × 96 hybrid units energy IO tables from 1985 to 2000 were generated. Using these four sequential matrices, the energy intensities and the GHG emission intensities, caused by energy use, were estimated for each sector. It was revealed that even though the energy consumption and GHG emissions have increased, the intensities have gradually improved in Korea. The estimated values were compared to national statistics and the differences were found to be acceptable. It was found that the energy input-output analysis can supply useful data for energy and environment policy makers. Some recommendations were made to improve this model.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Economic Performance of Livestock, an Environmental Input-Output Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos de Santana Ribeiro ◽  
Eder Johnson de Area Leão ◽  
Lúcio Flávio da Silva Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Mitigation Effort

Abstract: In the last three decades, the developing countries have sharply increased its contribution to global warming. From 2005 to 2012, Brazil has reduced its total emissions in 12% due to deforestation control. In the same period, the total GHG emissions excluding land-use change and forestry have increased 18% (WRI, 2014), while per capita GPD has raised 17%. The Brazilian climate policy must go beyond the deforestation control to avoid an unsustainable pattern of development. Since the mitigation effort bears heavily on primary activities, one must ask: how important are those sectors for Brazilian economy? And how their emissions are connected to other sectors along the productive chain? Specifically, this paper aims to calculate the GHG emissions multipliers of the Brazilian economy in 2009 and associate these results with the employment and income multipliers, particularly of the Agriculture sector. The ‘field of influence’ method (SONIS and HEWINGS, 1992) is applied to calculate the intersectorial relations in terms of input linkages and GHG emissions.

From production to consumption: An inter-sectoral analysis of air emissions external costs in Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-180
Author(s):  
Andrea Molocchi
Keyword(s):  
Final Demand ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Sustainable Finance

Aim of the paper is to attempt an estimate of the air emissions external costs related to activity sectors in Italy with both a production and demand perspective and to explore possible appli-cations of the approach in public policies. This is done by adopting an environmentally ex-tended national input-output modelling (about 20 substances are covered, among which CO2 emissions) and law recognized methods for calculating air emissions external costs in Italy. The external costs resulting from this exercise on 2015 emissions sum up to € 77.4 billion, € 51.7 billion of which are related to all economy sectors of activity, while € 25.7 billion are due to household activities. Total external costs of air emissions embodied in final demand sum up to 53.0 billion euro in 2015 if total activated production is considered (including external costs embodied in imports), while they decrease to 36.1 billion euro if only domestic activated pro-duction is considered (assuming zero external costs embodied in imports). The specific exter-nal costs embodied in final demand, calculated for each sector through input-output analysis, are then compared with the specific external costs of direct emissions of the same sector pro-duction, highlighting the additional information provided by input-output analysis: many branches with relatively low direct external costs show much higher external costs when the supply chain branches are included in the assessment. A final chapter discusses the main poli-cy application areas of the suggested approach, focusing particularly on national environmental fiscal reform, company level environmental management, public investments planning and sustainable finance.

scholarly journals El sector del transporte en Castilla y León. Un análisis input output interregional = The transportation sector in Castilla y León. An inter-regional input-output analysis

2013 ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ana Pardo Fanjul ◽  
Ángel Prieto Guijarro ◽  
Manuel Martí Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Final Demand ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Step ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
Transportation Sector

<p class="primres">El análisis estructural en un contexto Input Output, y en cualquier modelo que relaciona variables endógenas con exógenas, sirve como paso previo para simular y predecir alternativas en el tiempo o en el espacio. La utilización de una Tabla Interregional, configurada con diversas matrices de coeficientes intrarregionales e interregionales que recogen los flujos de comercio entre regiones y sectores, hace que sea posible abordar el análisis espacial de estas interrelaciones.<br />El objetivo de éste trabajo es simular los efectos en las distintas regiones españolas, de variaciones exógenas en la demanda final del sector de transporte en Castilla y León.</p><p>In an Input Output context, and in any model relating endogenous and exogenous variables, structural analysis serves as a preliminary step to simulate and predict alternatives in time or space. By using an Interregional Table, which is composed by various matrices of coefficients intrarregional and interregional collecting trade flows between regions and sectors, it is possible to deal with the spatial analysis of these interrelationships.<br />This work aims to simulate the effects of an exogenous variation in Castilla y León transport sector final demand on other Spanish regions.</p>

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