scholarly journals Routine blood parameters can detect early influenza virus infection in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghe Zhu ◽  
Qiu Wang ◽  
Cuie Chen ◽  
Xixi Zhang ◽  
Chaosheng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection

Abstract Purpose We aimed to explore the value of Routine blood parameters, such as the lymphocyte (LYM) count, platelet (PLT) count, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), LYM*PLT and mean platelet volume-to-platelet ratio (MPV/PLT), are widely used to predict the prognosis of infectious diseases, for predicting influenza virus infection in children. Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study on fever with influenza-like symptom in pediatric outpatients in different age groups and evaluated the predictive value of various routine blood parameters within 48 hours of the onset of fever after influenza virus infection. Results The LYM count, PLT count, LMR and LYM*PLT were lower, and the NLR and MPV/PLT were higher in the infected children. The LYM count, LMR and LYM*PLT in the infected group were lower in the 1- to 6-year-old group, and the LMR and LYM*PLT in the infected group were lower in the > 6-year-old group. In the 1- to 6-year-old group, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.75, the sensitivity was 81.87%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the AUC was 0.886; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 3.71, the sensitivity was 73.58%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the AUC was 0.843. In the > 6-year-old group, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.05, the sensitivity was 89.27%, the specificity was 89.61%, and the AUC was 0.949; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 2.88, the sensitivity was 83.19%, the specificity was 92.21%, and the AUC was 0.924. Conclusions Routine blood tests are simple, inexpensive and easy to perform, and they are useful for predicting influenza virus infection in children. The LMR had the strongest predictive value for influenza virus infection in children older than 1 year, especially influenza A virus infection.

scholarly journals Routine blood parameters are helpful for early identification of influenza infection in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghe Zhu ◽  
Cuie Chen ◽  
Qiu Wang ◽  
Xixi Zhang ◽  
Chaosheng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection

Abstract Background Routine blood parameters, such as the lymphocyte (LYM) count, platelet (PLT) count, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocytes multiplied by platelets (LYM*PLT) and mean platelet volume-to-platelet ratio (MPV/PLT), are widely used to predict the prognosis of infectious diseases. We aimed to explore the value of these parameters in the early identification of influenza virus infection in children.Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study of fever with influenza-like symptoms in pediatric outpatients from different age groups and evaluated the predictive value of various routine blood parameters measured within 48 hours of the onset of fever for influenza virus infection. Results The LYM count, PLT count, LMR and LYM*PLT were lower, and the NLR and MPV/PLT were higher in children with an influenza infection (PCR-confirmed and symptomatic). The LYM count, LMR and LYM*PLT in the influenza infection group were lower in the 1- to 6-year-old subgroup, and the LMR and LYM*PLT in the influenza infection group were lower in the >6-year-old subgroup. In the 1- to 6-year-old subgroup, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.75, the sensitivity was 81.87%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.886; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 3.71, the sensitivity was 73.58%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the AUC was 0.843. In the >6-year-old subgroup, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.05, the sensitivity was 89.27%, the specificity was 89.61%, and the AUC was 0.949; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 2.88, the sensitivity was 83.19%, the specificity was 92.21%, and the AUC was 0.924.Conclusions Routine blood tests are simple, inexpensive and easy to perform, and they are useful for the early identification of influenza virus infection in children. The LMR had the strongest predictive value for influenza virus infection in children older than 1 year, particularly influenza A virus infection.

scholarly journals Routine blood parameters are helpful for early identification of influenza infection in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghe Zhu ◽  
Cuie Chen ◽  
Qiu Wang ◽  
Xixi Zhang ◽  
Chaosheng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection

Abstract Purpose Routine blood parameters, such as the lymphocyte (LYM) count, platelet (PLT) count, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), LYM*PLT and mean platelet volume-to-platelet ratio (MPV/PLT), are widely used to predict the prognosis of infectious diseases. We aimed to explore the value of these parameters in the early identification of influenza virus infection in children.Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study of fever with influenza-like symptoms in pediatric outpatients from different age groups and evaluated the predictive value of various routine blood parameters measured within 48 hours of the onset of fever for influenza virus infection.Results The LYM count, PLT count, LMR and LYM*PLT were lower, and the NLR and MPV/PLT were higher in children with an influenza infection (PCR-confirmed and symptomatic). The LYM count, LMR and LYM*PLT in the influenza infection group were lower in the 1- to 6-year-old subgroup, and the LMR and LYM*PLT in the influenza infection group were lower in the >6-year-old subgroup. In the 1- to 6-year-old subgroup, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.75, the sensitivity was 81.87%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.886; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 3.71, the sensitivity was 73.58%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the AUC was 0.843. In the >6-year-old subgroup, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.05, the sensitivity was 89.27%, the specificity was 89.61%, and the AUC was 0.949; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 2.88, the sensitivity was 83.19%, the specificity was 92.21%, and the AUC was 0.924.Conclusions Routine blood tests are simple, inexpensive and easy to perform, and they are useful for the early identification of influenza virus infection in children. The LMR had the strongest predictive value for influenza virus infection in children older than 1 year, particularly influenza A virus infection.

scholarly journals Routine blood parameters are helpful for early identification of influenza infection in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghe Zhu ◽  
Cuie Chen ◽  
Qiu Wang ◽  
Xixi Zhang ◽  
Chaosheng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection

Abstract Purpose Routine blood parameters, such as the lymphocyte (LYM) count, platelet (PLT) count, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), LYM*PLT and mean platelet volume-to-platelet ratio (MPV/PLT), are widely used to predict the prognosis of infectious diseases. We aimed to explore the value of these parameters in the early identification of influenza virus infection in children.Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study of fever with influenza-like symptoms in pediatric outpatients from different age groups and evaluated the predictive value of various routine blood parameters measured within 48 hours of the onset of fever for influenza virus infection. Results The LYM count, PLT count, LMR and LYM*PLT were lower, and the NLR and MPV/PLT were higher in children with an influenza infection (PCR-confirmed and symptomatic). The LYM count, LMR and LYM*PLT in the influenza infection group were lower in the 1- to 6-year-old subgroup, and the LMR and LYM*PLT in the influenza infection group were lower in the >6-year-old subgroup. In the 1- to 6-year-old subgroup, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.75, the sensitivity was 81.87%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.886; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 3.71, the sensitivity was 73.58%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the AUC was 0.843. In the >6-year-old subgroup, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.05, the sensitivity was 89.27%, the specificity was 89.61%, and the AUC was 0.949; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 2.88, the sensitivity was 83.19%, the specificity was 92.21%, and the AUC was 0.924.Conclusions Routine blood tests are simple, inexpensive and easy to perform, and they are useful for the early identification of influenza virus infection in children. The LMR had the strongest predictive value for influenza virus infection in children older than 1 year, particularly influenza A virus infection.

scholarly journals Routine blood parameters are helpful for early identification of influenza infection in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghe Zhu ◽  
Cuie Chen ◽  
Qiu Wang ◽  
Xixi Zhang ◽  
Chaosheng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection

Abstract Background Routine blood parameters, such as the lymphocyte (LYM) count, platelet (PLT) count, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocytes multiplied by platelets (LYM*PLT) and mean platelet volume-to-platelet ratio (MPV/PLT), are widely used to predict the prognosis of infectious diseases. We aimed to explore the value of these parameters in the early identification of influenza virus infection in children. Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study of fever with influenza-like symptoms in pediatric outpatients from different age groups and evaluated the predictive value of various routine blood parameters measured within 48 h of the onset of fever for influenza virus infection. Results The LYM count, PLT count, LMR and LYM*PLT were lower, and the NLR and MPV/PLT were higher in children with an influenza infection (PCR-confirmed and symptomatic). The LYM count, LMR and LYM*PLT in the influenza infection group were lower in the 1- to 6-year-old subgroup, and the LMR and LYM*PLT in the influenza infection group were lower in the > 6-year-old subgroup. In the 1- to 6-year-old subgroup, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.75, the sensitivity was 81.87%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.886; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 3.71, the sensitivity was 73.58%, the specificity was 84.31%, and the AUC was 0.843. In the > 6-year-old subgroup, the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza A virus infection was 3.05, the sensitivity was 89.27%, the specificity was 89.61%, and the AUC was 0.949; the cutoff value of the LMR for predicting influenza B virus infection was 2.88, the sensitivity was 83.19%, the specificity was 92.21%, and the AUC was 0.924. Conclusions Routine blood tests are simple, inexpensive and easy to perform, and they are useful for the early identification of influenza virus infection in children. The LMR had the strongest predictive value for influenza virus infection in children older than 1 year, particularly in children older than 6 years with influenza A virus infection.

scholarly journals Characterization of a new H-2Dk-restricted epitope prominent in primary influenza A virus infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1749-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Tourdot ◽  
Shan Herath ◽  
Keith G. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection ◽  
Restricted Epitope

Influenza A virus infection of mice has been used extensively as a model to investigate the mechanisms of antigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and the phenomenon of immunodominance in antiviral CTL responses. The different virus-encoded epitopes that are recognized in H-2b and H-2d mice have been characterized and their relative immunodominance has been well-studied. In H-2k mice, four different Kk-restricted influenza virus epitopes have been described, but the dominance hierarchy of these epitopes is unknown and there is also an uncharacterized Dk-restricted response against the virus. In this study, a Dk-restricted epitope derived from the influenza virus A/PR/8/34 polymerase protein PB1, corresponding to amino acid residues 349–357 (ARLGKGYMF), was identified. This peptide is the major epitope within the PB1 polymerase and is at least as dominant as any of the four Kk-restricted epitopes that are recognized in CBA mice following primary influenza virus infection. The PB1 epitope is only the fourth Dk-presented peptide to be reported and the sequence of this epitope confirms a Dk-restricted peptide motif, consisting of arginine at position two, arginine or lysine at position five and a hydrophobic residue at the carboxy terminus.

scholarly journals Filamentous Influenza A Virus Infection Predisposes Mice to Fatal Septicemia following Superinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 3102-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. Speshock ◽  
Nicole Doyon-Reale ◽  
R. Rabah ◽  
Melody N. Neely ◽  
Paul C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection ◽  
Fatal Septicemia

ABSTRACT Previous studies have demonstrated that animals exposed to Streptococcus pneumoniae while recovering from influenza A virus infection exhibit exacerbated disease symptoms. However, many of the current animal models exploring dual viral and bacterial synergistic exacerbations of respiratory disease have utilized mouse-adapted influenza virus and strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae that in themselves are highly lethal to mice. Here we describe a mouse model of bacterial superinfection in which a mild, self-limiting influenza virus infection is followed by mild, self-limiting superinfection with S. pneumoniae serotype 3. S. pneumoniae superinfection results in rapid dissemination of the bacterium from the respiratory tract and systemic spread to all major organs of the mice, resulting in fatal septicemia. This phenomenon in mice was observed in superinfected animals undergoing an active viral infection as well as in mice that had completely cleared the virus 7 to 8 days prior to superinfection. Neutrophils were the predominant cellular inflammatory infiltrate in the lungs of superinfected mice compared to singly infected animals. Among other cytokines and chemokines, the neutrophil activator granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was found to be significantly overexpressed in the spleens, lungs, and brains of superinfected animals. High G-CSF protein levels were observed in sera and lung lavage fluid from superinfected animals, suggesting that G-CSF is a major contributor to synergistic exacerbation of disease leading to fatal septicemia.

Severe Influenza Virus Infection in Children Admitted to the PICU: Comparison of Influenza A and Influenza B Virus Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pınar YAZICI ÖZKAYA ◽  
Eşe Eda TURANLI ◽  
Hamdi METİN ◽  
Ayça Aydın UYSAL ◽  
Candan ÇİÇEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Severe Influenza ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Serum High-Mobility-Group Box 1 as a Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target during Respiratory Virus Infections

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira C. Patel ◽  
Kari Ann Shirey ◽  
Marina S. Boukhvalova ◽  
Stefanie N. Vogel ◽  
Jorge C. G. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Cotton Rats

ABSTRACT Host-derived “danger-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs) contribute to innate immune responses and serve as markers of disease progression and severity for inflammatory and infectious diseases. There is accumulating evidence that generation of DAMPs such as oxidized phospholipids and high-mobility-group box 1 (HMGB1) during influenza virus infection leads to acute lung injury (ALI). Treatment of influenza virus-infected mice and cotton rats with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist Eritoran blocked DAMP accumulation and ameliorated influenza virus-induced ALI. However, changes in systemic HMGB1 kinetics during the course of influenza virus infection in animal models and humans have yet to establish an association of HMGB1 release with influenza virus infection. To this end, we used the cotton rat model that is permissive to nonadapted strains of influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human rhinoviruses (HRVs). Serum HMGB1 levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) prior to infection until day 14 or 18 post-infection. Infection with either influenza A or B virus resulted in a robust increase in serum HMGB1 levels that decreased by days 14 to 18. Inoculation with the live attenuated vaccine FluMist resulted in HMGB1 levels that were significantly lower than those with infection with live influenza viruses. RSV and HRVs showed profiles of serum HMGB1 induction that were consistent with their replication and degree of lung pathology in cotton rats. We further showed that therapeutic treatment with Eritoran of cotton rats infected with influenza B virus significantly blunted serum HMGB1 levels and improved lung pathology, without inhibiting virus replication. These findings support the use of drugs that block HMGB1 to combat influenza virus-induced ALI. IMPORTANCE Influenza virus is a common infectious agent causing serious seasonal epidemics, and there is urgent need to develop an alternative treatment modality for influenza virus infection. Recently, host-derived DAMPs, such as oxidized phospholipids and HMGB1, were shown to be generated during influenza virus infection and cause ALI. To establish a clear link between influenza virus infection and HMGB1 as a biomarker, we have systematically analyzed temporal patterns of serum HMGB1 release in cotton rats infected with nonadapted strains of influenza A and B viruses and compared these patterns with a live attenuated influenza vaccine and infection by other respiratory viruses. Towards development of a new therapeutic modality, we show herein that blocking serum HMGB1 levels by Eritoran improves lung pathology in influenza B virus-infected cotton rats. Our study is the first report of systemic HMGB1 as a potential biomarker of severity in respiratory virus infections and confirms that drugs that block virus-induced HMGB1 ameliorate ALI.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 in Atherosclerotic Plaque Is Increased by Influenza A Virus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Sol Lee ◽  
Ji Yun Noh ◽  
Ok Sarah Shin ◽  
Joon Young Song ◽  
Hee Jin Cheong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Background Influenza virus infection triggers acute cardiovascular events. Several studies have demonstrated that influenza A virus infection was associated with immune cell influx and increased production of inflammatory cytokines in the atherosclerotic plaque lesion, but the underlying mechanism for these findings is not clear. Methods We examined the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by influenza A virus infection in human cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and human MMP-13 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In an animal study, protein expression in the plaque lesions of apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results We confirmed that MMP-13 was increased in influenza A virus-infected cells. In the aorta of infected ApoE-deficient mice, MMP-13 was increased at 3 days after infection. Immunohistochemical staining results suggested that collagen was degraded in the MMP-13 expression area and that macrophages were the main source of MMP-13 expression. Furthermore, the expression of MMP-13 was regulated by influenza A virus through activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated that p38 MAPK-mediated MMP-13 expression by influenza A virus infection led to destabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in the artery.

scholarly journals Protective effect of low-concentration chlorine dioxide gas against influenza A virus infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norio Ogata ◽  
Takashi Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Low Concentration

Influenza virus infection is one of the major causes of human morbidity and mortality. Between humans, this virus spreads mostly via aerosols excreted from the respiratory system. Current means of prevention of influenza virus infection are not entirely satisfactory because of their limited efficacy. Safe and effective preventive measures against pandemic influenza are greatly needed. We demonstrate that infection of mice induced by aerosols of influenza A virus was prevented by chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas at an extremely low concentration (below the long-term permissible exposure level to humans, namely 0.1 p.p.m.). Mice in semi-closed cages were exposed to aerosols of influenza A virus (1 LD50) and ClO2 gas (0.03 p.p.m.) simultaneously for 15 min. Three days after exposure, pulmonary virus titre (TCID50) was 102.6±1.5 in five mice treated with ClO2, whilst it was 106.7±0.2 in five mice that had not been treated (P=0.003). Cumulative mortality after 16 days was 0/10 mice treated with ClO2 and 7/10 mice that had not been treated (P=0.002). In in vitro experiments, ClO2 denatured viral envelope proteins (haemagglutinin and neuraminidase) that are indispensable for infectivity of the virus, and abolished infectivity. Taken together, we conclude that ClO2 gas is effective at preventing aerosol-induced influenza virus infection in mice by denaturing viral envelope proteins at a concentration well below the permissible exposure level to humans. ClO2 gas could therefore be useful as a preventive means against influenza in places of human activity without necessitating evacuation.

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