scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Atmosphere of the Andean City of Medellin, Colombia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Santiago Avila ◽  
Diana Pemberthy Mendoza ◽  
Andrés Ramírez ◽  
Gustavo Antonio Peñuela
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Polybrominated Biphenyls ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
The City ◽  
Second Peak

Abstract Passive air sampling (PAS) was used to evaluate organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere of Medellin, Colombia. This was in accordance with a special initiative of the Global Monitoring Plan (GMP), which was implemented to provide information on new and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs).PAS was carried out for three months (four quartiles per year) over two consecutive years (2017 and 2018), and two punctual peaks of contamination in the monitored time were observed. The first peak was related to chlorinated compounds in the quartile 2017-Q3, in which the highest concentration of pentachlorobenzene (PeCB, 755.5 pg·m-3) was observed, and air concentration of PeCB in quartile 2018-Q4 (125.0 pg·m-3) was 3.7 times more than the initial concentration (33.7 pg·m-3). These results may be associated with waste incineration in or near the city. The second peak of contamination was associated with brominated compounds in the quartile 2018-Q1, which could be linked to recycling, incineration, and landfill deposit of these compounds. In this peak, the highest levels of PBDEs and HBCDD-isomers were observed (Σ10PBDEs, 107.2 pg·m-3 and Σ3HBCDDs-isomers, 289.0 pg·m-3). With regard to the concentrations of PBDEs, HBCDDs, PCDDs, and PCDFs, these showed a slight tendency to increase between 2017 and 2018. Finally, constants concentrations of pollutants such as DDT isomers and dieldrin were observed, although these compounds were banned in Colombia many years ago. In contrast, a slight decrease in some pollutants, such as aldrin, and α-endosulfan, was observed.Our study allowed the assessment of air levels of chlorinated, brominated, and fluorinated pollutants in Medellin, Colombia. These results provide an overall view of POPs levels and represent an initial attempt to identify local sources in order to monitor and surveillance the releases of these pollutants in the city and country.

scholarly journals Concentration Levels and Ecological Risks of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Surface Sediments of Tianjin Coastal Area, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Lu ◽  
Chaoqi Chen ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Zhen Hou ◽  
Junjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Concentration Levels

Sediments were sampled from different surface water bodies in Tianjin coastal area, China, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured using GC/MS or GC/ECD. The purposes were to investigate the concentration levels of the POPs and to assess their ecological risks. The results showed that all the 16 priority PAHs were detected from the 10 sediments sampled with the total concentrations of the 16 PAHs ranging from 274.06 μg/kg to 2656.65 μg/kg, while the concentrations of the halogenated POPs were generally low except in the Dagu waste discharging river where the total concentrations of 24 OCPs, 35 PCBs, and 14 PBDEs were 3103.36 μg/kg, 87.31 μg/kg, and 13.88 μg/kg, respectively. In the studied sediments, PAHs exhibited risks to benthonic organisms; particularly the concentrations of naphthalene and/or acenaphthene exceeded their probable effect concentrations in several locations. In comparison, only in the Dagu waste discharging river, OCPs exhibited risks with the concentrations of heptachlor epoxide and lindane exceeding their probable effect concentrations. PCBs and PBDEs posed rare risks in the studied area.

Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in 10 Caribbean countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Forde ◽  
Eric Dewailly ◽  
Lyndon Robertson ◽  
Elhadji A. Laouan Sidi ◽  
Suzanne Côté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

scholarly journals Isolation of Acetobacterium sp. Strain AG, Which Reductively Debrominates Octa- and Pentabrominated Diphenyl Ether Technical Mixtures

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Ding ◽  
Wai Ling Chow ◽  
Jianzhong He
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Free Enrichment

ABSTRACTPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of environmental pollutants that have been classified as persistent organic pollutants since 2009. In this study, a sediment-free enrichment culture (culture G) was found to reductively debrominate octa- and penta-BDE technical mixtures to less-brominated congeners (tetra-, tri-, and di-BDEs) via apara-dominant debromination pattern for the former and a strictparadebromination pattern for the latter. Culture G could debrominate 96% of 280 nM PBDEs in an octa-BDE mixture to primarily tetra-BDEs in 21 weeks. Continuous transferring of culture G with octa-/penta-BDEs dissolved inn-nonane or trichloroethene (TCE) yielded two strains (Acetobacteriumsp. strain AG andDehalococcoidessp. strain DG) that retained debromination capabilities. In the presence of lactate but without TCE, strain AG could cometabolically debrominate 75% of 275 nM PBDEs in a penta-BDE mixture in 33 days. Strain AG shows 99% identity to its closest relative,Acetobacterium malicum. In contrast to strain AG, strain DG debrominated PBDEs only in the presence of TCE. In addition, 18 out of 19 unknown PBDE debromination products were successfully identified from octa- and penta-BDE mixtures and revealed, for the first time, a comprehensive microbial PBDE debromination pathway. As an acetogenic autotroph that rapidly debrominates octa- and penta-BDE technical mixtures,Acetobacteriumsp. strain AG adds to the still-limited understanding of PBDE debromination by microorganisms.

scholarly journals Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in Chinese Bohai Sea and Its Coastal Regions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Li ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Yawei Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Chlorinated Paraffins ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Sulfonyl Fluoride

Emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have widely aroused public concern in recent years. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride/perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (POSF/PFOS) had been newly listed in Stockholm Convention in 2009, and short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were listed as candidate POPs. Bohai Sea is located in the arms of numbers of industrial cities, the semienclosed location of which makes it an ideal sink of emerging pollutants. In the present paper, latest contamination status of emerging POPs in Bohai Sea was reviewed. According to the literature data, Bohai Sea areas are not heavily contaminated by emerging POPs (PBDE: 0.01–720 ng/g; perfluorinated compounds: 0.1–304 ng/g; SCCPs: 64.9–5510 ng/g; HBCDs: nd-634 ng/g). Therefore, humans are not likely to be under serious risk of emerging POPs exposure through consuming seafood from Bohai Sea. However, the ubiquitous occurrence of emerging POPs in Bohai Sea region might indicate that more work should be done to expand the knowledge about potential risk of emerging POPs pollution.

scholarly journals Human Excretion of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelagh K. Genuis ◽  
Detlef Birkholz ◽  
Stephen J. Genuis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Commonly used as flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are routinely detected in the environment, animals, and humans. Although these persistent organic pollutants are increasingly recognized as having serious health implications, particularly for children, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate an intervention for human elimination of bioaccumulated PBDEs. Objectives. To determine the efficacy of blood, urine, and perspiration as PBDE biomonitoring mediums; assess excretion of five common PBDE congeners (28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) in urine and perspiration; and explore the potential of induced sweating for decreasing bioaccumulated PBDEs. Results. PBDE congeners were not found in urine samples; findings focus on blood and perspiration. 80% of participants tested positive in one or more body fluids for PBDE 28, 100% for PBDE 47, 95% for PBDE 99, and 90% for PBDE 100 and PBDE 153. Induced perspiration facilitated excretion of the five congeners, with different rates of excretion for different congeners. Conclusion. Blood testing provides only a partial understanding of human PBDE bioaccumulation; testing of both blood and perspiration provides a better understanding. This study provides important baseline evidence for regular induced perspiration as a potential means for therapeutic PBDE elimination. Fetotoxic and reproductive effects of PBDE exposure highlight the importance of further detoxification research.

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