scholarly journals Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Activity in Individuals with Substance Use Disorders: A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinto Nuno Costa Azevedo ◽  
Cláudia Carvalho ◽  
Maria Paula Serrão ◽  
Rui Coelho ◽  
Margarida Figueiredo-Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Comt Activity ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised

Abstract Background Impulsivity and substance use disorders (SUD) can be related to the same environmental factors. In this study, we intended to evaluate the dopaminergic function in imprisoned SUD offenders through the determination of s-COMT activity. Methods The study included 46 male individuals from a Portuguese penal institution. The participants were assessed through a battery of standardised instruments: Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), Barratt Impulsivity Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), and the European version of the Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI). s-COMT erythrocyte activity was evaluated. Results Overall, 73.9% (n=34) of the individuals had Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and 58.7% (n=27) presented SUDs. We evidenced, for the first time, that, in SUD individuals, s-COMT activity is correlated with the severity of drug dependence (EuropASI) (p<0.05), and with BIS-11 factors self-control (p<0.0001) and non-planning (p=0.002). Conclusions This study opens new perspectives regarding the pharmacological intervention on drug dependence through the interference on dopamine pathways.

scholarly journals Self-Report of Longitudinal Substance Use: A Comparison of the UCLA Natural History Interview and the Addiction Severity Index

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra A. Murphy ◽  
Yih-Ing Hser ◽  
David Huang ◽  
Mary-Lynn Brecht ◽  
Diane M. Herbeck
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Addiction Severity

Posttraumatic Disorders in Patients with Substance Use Disorders: A German Multi-center Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
I. Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
German Population ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Dissociative Symptoms ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Center Study

Aims:This multi-center study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the level of dissociative symptoms in a German population of patients with different substance use disorders (SUD).Method:A total of 459 participants (59.7% male) were recruited in 14 study centers. Of these, 182 (39.7%) were alcohol dependent (A), 154 (33.6%) were drug-dependent (D), and 123 (26.8%) were dependent on both, alcohol and drugs (AD). Diagnostic measures included the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), and the Posttraumatic diagnostic scale (PDS). The International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL) were used to confirm DSM-IV diagnoses of PTSD and SUD.Results:25.3% of the subjects had PTSD confirmed by both IDCL and PDS. Higher rates were found in the AD (34.1%) and D (29.9%) groups as compared to group A (15.4%, p < .001). Similarly, rates of dissociative symptoms as measured by the DES differed significantly between the different subgroups (AD: M=15.1±11.3; D: M=12.9±11.7; A: M=9.9±8.8; p < .001). In a stepwise linear regression model, childhood trauma severity was associated with dissociation independent from current PTSD. The relationships between SUD group and dissociation ceased to be statistically significant when age and gender were included in the model.Conclusion:The findings support significant rates of PTSD and dissociative symptoms in patients with SUD and marked differences between the different SUD subgroups. The complex relationship between childhood trauma, dissociation, and PTSD in patients with SUD requires more research.

scholarly journals Clinical and Reliable Change in an Australian Residential Substance Use Program Using the Addiction Severity Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank P. Deane ◽  
Peter J. Kelly ◽  
Trevor P. Crowe ◽  
Justin C. Coulson ◽  
Geoffrey C. B. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Reliable Change ◽  
Addiction Severity

scholarly journals Substance Use, Criminal Recidivism, and Mortality in Criminal Justice Clients: A Comparison between Men and Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Mannerfelt ◽  
Anders Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Female Offenders ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Addiction Severity

Background. This study aimed to map differences between male and female offenders with substance abuse, with respect to descriptive characteristics and risk factors for mortality and criminal recidivism. Methods. Criminal justice clients with substance abuse problems (n=7085) were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index. Mortality and data on return to criminal justice were retrieved from national registers. Results. Female offenders reported heavier substance use patterns, more psychiatric symptoms, and more often a partner with substance abuse, but had lower mortality (2% versus 4%) and criminal recidivism (62% versus 71%) during follow-up. Having a substance-abusing partner was associated with criminal recidivism among females. Conclusions. Female offenders with substance abuse differ from their male counterparts. Males and females had different risk factors for criminal recidivism.

A Subculture Revealed: Female Cocaine Users' Values and Perceptions

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Chuck Reid ◽  
Maria Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
Abuse Treatment

This descriptive study presents a method of identifying factors associated with a non problematic level of functioning with 11 nontreatment female cocaine users. A subjective assessment of an acceptable level of functioning was verified by the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) screening instrument (McLellan et al., 1992). Findings indicated that nonproblematic fomale, nontreatment cocaine users are from diverse social classes, have social and economic concerns comparable to the general population, and share similar values with the general population. In contrast to the substance use or abuse treatment approach of total abstinence, a continuum model is presented ranging from nonproblematic to highly problematic use. Implications for rehabilitation counselors include awareness of the continuum model, familiarity with the ASI as a brief screening measure in counseling, and enhancing nonproblematic substance users' self-efficacy in safely controlling their substance use. Also identified are issues, values, and perceptions particular to female users.

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