Micropropagation of Adult Red Maple and Sugar Maple

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 477e-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Connolly ◽  
John E. Preece ◽  
J.W. Van Sambeek
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
The Media

Micropropagation studies were conducted to determine the best methods to achieve axillary shoot proliferation for adult Acer rubrum (red maple) and A. saccharium (sugar maple). The first experiment was conducted to compare the effects of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 μM, 1 μM, and 10 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) using Driver-Kuniyuki-Walnut medium (DKW). The second experiment was conducted to examine the effects of DKW, Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and Long and Preece (LP) media in factorial combination with 0.01 and 0.1 μM TDZ. The third experiment was conducted to study the transfer timing (14 or 28 days) and the media solidification (agar-solidified or stationary liquid) on sugar maple. Both red maple and sugar maple explants on DKW with 0.1 μM TDZ produced the most and longest axillary shoots; however, sugar maple produced fewer axillary shoots than red maple. Red maple explants produced the most callus on DKW with 10 μM TDZ and the least on DKW with 0.001 μM TDZ. Sugar maple explants produced more shoots when explants were placed horizontally and transferred every 14 days than when placed vertically or transferred less frequently.

Axillary Shoot Proliferation of Adult Eastern Black Walnut

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 478c-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy B. Bailey ◽  
John E. Preece ◽  
J.W. Van Sambeek
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Callus Production ◽  
Eastern Black Walnut

Softwood shoots of adult Juglans nigra (eastern black walnut) were forced from latent (epicormic) buds below the bark of large stem sections in a greenhouse. Once sufficiently long, the shoots were excised, surface-disinfested, and cut into 1-cm-long nodal or apical segments for establishment in culture vessels. Two experiments were conducted, each using explants of three different clones. The first experiment compared the effect of cytokinins: 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 μM benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) arranged factorially. The basal medium was agar-solidified Long and Preece (LP) with 0.05 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 30 g/L sucrose. The second experiment compared the agar-solidified basal media: Driver-Kuniyuki-Walnut (DKW), Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and LP, all with 1.0 μM BA, 0.3 μM TDZ, 0.05 μM IBA, and 30 g/L sucrose. Regardless of the BA concentration, explants on media containing 0.1 μM TDZ produced few, if any, axillary shoots while explants on media containing 1.0 μM TDZ excessive amounts of callus. Explants in media containing 0.3 μM TDZ, at all levels of BA, produced the greatest number of shoots and minimal callus. Male catkins were produced by 17 explants on various media. Fifteen of the catkin-producing explants were from one walnut clone. Axillary shoot number and callus production were not significantly affected by basal medium for any of the three clones.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Members of the Cactaceae Subtribe Cactinae

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Clayton ◽  
John F. Hubstenberger ◽  
Gregory C. Phillips ◽  
S. Ann Butler-Nance
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Basal Media ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Micropropagation of 11 rare or endangered cacti species belonging to the subtribe Cactinae was achieved by rooting of proliferated axillary shoots. Shoot tip explants were obtained from seedlings of Escobaria missouriensis D.R. Hunt, E. robbinsorum (Earle) D.R. Hunt, Sclerocactus spinosior (Engelm.) Woodruff & L. Benson, and Toumeya papyracantha (Engelm.) Br. & Rose, and from mature plants of Mammillaria wrightii Engelm., Pediocactus bradyi L. Benson, P. despainii Welsh & Goodrich, P. knowltonii L. Benson, P. paradinei B.W. Benson, P. winkleri Heil, and S. mesae-verdae (Boissevain) L. Benson. Three or four species were used in each of a series of experiments investigating the effects of basal media and auxin and cytokinin types and concentrations on axillary shoot proliferation. Low or no auxin but moderate to high cytokinin concentrations were required for axillary shoot production. All species rooted spontaneously on hormone-free media; however, several species rooted better on media containing auxin. All species were re-established in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals High-efficiency Propagation of Mature ‘Washington Navel’ Orange and Juvenile ‘Carrizo’ Citrange Using Axillary Shoot Proliferation

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza De Oliveira ◽  
James G. Thomson ◽  
Ed Stover
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Washington Navel

In vitro axillary shoot proliferation can be used to increase availability of citrus (Citrus) types in high demand, while limiting somaclonal variation. However, established protocols could be improved to increase efficiency. Therefore, this study investigated some factors [plant growth regulators (PGRs), basal media, and successive subculturing] which affect the in vitro axillary shoot proliferation of mature ‘Washington Navel’ orange (Citrus sinensis) and juvenile ‘Carrizo’ citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata). In ‘Washington Navel’ orange, maximum axillary shoot induction (66.9% explants producing axillary shoots with a mean of 2.45 shoots per explant) was obtained in Driver and Kuniyuki walnut (DKW) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.05 mg·L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) along with 1 mg·L−1 6-furfurylaminopurine [kinetin (kin)], whereas in ‘Carrizo’ citrange, axillary shoot production was greatest (82.6% and 87.5% of explants producing axillary shoots with a mean of 4.3 and 4.1 shoots per explant) at 1.0 or 2.0 mg·L−1 BA in DKW medium. The initial nodal propagules (with basal tissue remaining from removed shoots) were repeatedly subcultured for six times every 4 weeks onto DKW medium with the same levels of PGRs used for initial culturing. Woody plant medium (WPM), Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), and DKW were also compared for rooting at quarter to full strength for salt components, all amended with 2.0 mg·L−1 indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA. MS at full strength provided the highest rooting in ‘Carrizo’ citrange (93%) and longest root length (58 mm), whereas half-strength MS provided the highest rooting in ‘Washington Navel’ orange (60% to 61%) and the longest roots (26 mm). Addition of 1 μm spermidine to the rooting medium enhanced root length only for ‘Washington Navel’ orange on full-strength MS, but accelerated rooting for both cultivars on all media. The plantlets were successfully transferred to greenhouse conditions, exhibiting normal development, with high uniformity, and no evidence of somaclonal variation.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Buttonwood Tree (Conocarpus erectus) through Axillary Shoot Proliferation

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaser Hassan Dewir ◽  
Abdulhakim A. Aldubai ◽  
Salah El-Hendawy ◽  
Abdullah A. Alsadon ◽  
Mayada Kadry Seliem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

A method for micropropagation of Conocarpus erectus through axillary shoot proliferation is presented. Shoot tips were excised from adult donor tree and cultured for 4 weeks on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg·L−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) to induce sprouting of shoots and formation of axillary shoots. Conocarpus erectus shoots were cultured for 6 weeks on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and proliferation of the shoots was monitored. The type and concentration of cytokinins applied had a significant influence on shoot proliferation responses. Supplementation with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) increased the rate of shoot proliferation compared with other cytokinins. The use of BAP in combination with auxins such as indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) resulted in an increased number of shoots per explant compared with treatment with BAP alone. A combination of 2 mg·L−1 BAP and 0.5 mg·L−1 IBA produced the highest number of axillary shoots (7.8 shoots/explant). The best rooting medium was full-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg·L−1 IBA; this treatment yielded 80% rooting with an average of 3.5 roots per plantlet. All regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized to greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals A Laboratory Exercise for Axillary Shoot Proliferation using Ajuga reptans

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 312b-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Preece ◽  
Carl A. Huetteman
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Laboratory Exercise ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

This exercise was developed for a plant propagation course to demonstrate, in a short time, the four stages of micropropagation, the effects of cytokinin concentrations, and the differences between adventitious and axillary shoots. Greenhouse-grown stock plants were brought into the laboratory, and 4- to 5-cm-long tips of runners were surface-dis-infested for 15 min in 0.5% NaClO with 1 ml of Tween 20/liter, followed by two 5-min rinses in sterile water. Working in the open laboratory near the bases of pairs of lit Bunsen burners, students placed either single-node or shoot tip explants (2 cm long, five replications) onto MS medium with 0, 1, or 10 μM BA. Cultures were in-cubated in parafilm-sealed culture tubes on open laboratory benches. Axillary shoots grew regardless of concentration of BA, and explants on medium with 10 μM BA produced the most callus and adventitious shoots. Microshoots were rooted and ac-climatized under mist in the greenhouse. This exercise can be performed in an open laboratory without the use of laminar flow hoods, specialized sterilizing equipment, or supplemental lighting.

scholarly journals In vitro Shoot Multiplication of Bupleurum disticho-phyllum Wight - A Native Medicinal Plant of Southern India

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karuppusamy ◽  
T. Pullaiah
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Shoot multiplication of Bupleurum distichophyllum was achieved from the nodal and shoot tip explants of mature plants using MS with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. Maximum explant response was from axillary shoots and the highest number of shoots per explant was obtained on MS fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP. The highest degree of axillary shoot proliferation was found to be 74 and 70% for nodal- and shoot tip explants, respectively on the medium containing 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l NAA. The combination of BAP and GA3 was also found to be effective for both type of explants. The degree of shoot formation was affected by explant types and the exogenous hormonal regime in the medium. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/l IBA, after sequential hardening, survival rate was 71%. Key words: Bupleurum distichophyllum, Medicinal plant, Micropropagation, Conservation Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(2): 115-124, 2007 (December) DOI: 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.2574

scholarly journals Micro- and Cutting Propagation of Silver Maple. I. Results with Adult and Juvenile Propagules

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Preece ◽  
Carl A. Huetteman ◽  
W. Clark Ashby ◽  
Paul L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Juvenile Explants

Clonal micropropagation studies with silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) included experiments with various shoot. explant types, cytokinins, and stock plant maturation levels. These trials led to successful explant establishment, axillary shoot proliferation, rooting of microshoots, and establishment of plantlets in the greenhouse. Overall, the best cytokinin tested was the phenylurea derivative TDZ. Shoot proliferation on juvenile explants was poor with kinetin, 2iP, and BA. Only zeatin at 10 μm was comparable to TDZ. TDZ at 10 nm was optimal for both juvenile and adult nodal explants. Juvenile explants that were held in vitro for 4 months commonly had at least 60 axillary shoots that could be subculture or excised for rooting. Microshoots rooted within 2 weeks. Following rooting, silver maple plantlets could be transplanted into a growing medium and placed directly onto a greenhouse bench. Studies were also conducted on rooting stem cuttings (macropropagation). Single nodes from juvenile plants rooted under intermittent mist, regardless of auxin application; however, shoot-tip cuttings from adult trees rooted best when auxin in ethanol solution was applied. Chemical names used: N- phenyl- N' -1,2,3 -thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron, TDZ), N- (2-furanylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin), isopentenyladenine (2iP), benzyladenine (BA), (E)-2-methyl-4-(1H-purin-6-ylamino)-2-buten-1-ol (zeatin).

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Flame Azalea

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Juan R. Acedo
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoot Multiplication

Shoots tips excised from an actively growing stock plant of flame azalea [Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr.] were surface sterilized, the terminal portions were removed (decapitated) and the shoots placed horizontally on agar-solidified Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 15 ppm 6-(γ, γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP). Within 4 to 6 months multiple shoot formation commenced. After 2 to 3 additional months of growth, axillary shoots were excised from the original explants. The shoots were decapitated and placed on WPM. After 2 subcultures, 8-node axillary shoots were excised, decapitated and cultured on agar-solidified WPM supplemented with 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 32 ppm 2iP. The greatest number of shoots (microcuttings) ≥ 5 mm (0.2 in) were produced at 12 ppm 2iP. Microcuttings ≥ 10 mm (0.4 in) were rooted using ex vitro procedures. Enhancement of both axillary shoot multiplication and shoot length was achieved by addition to the medium of 80 ppm adenine sulfate and 200 ppm NaH2PO4.

scholarly journals In vitro propagation of lnula royleana DC

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stojakowska ◽  
Janusz Malarz
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Primary Explants ◽  
Cotyledonary Node Explants

A micropropagation method, through axillary shoot proliferation, was elaborated for <em>Inula royleana </em>DC. (Asteraceae), a medicinal plant native of Himalaya. Primary explants (cotyledonary node explants) and secondary explants (node explants of in vitro regenerated shoots) of the plant, inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 μM NAA and 5.0 μM kinetin, regenerated 3.4 ± 1.2 and 5.1 ± 1.9 axillary shoots per explant, respectively. The regenerated shoots were easily rooting and adapting to growth in soil.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Helleborus orientalis Lam. and Aconitum uncinatum Linn. (Ranunulaceae)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 871D-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Lim ◽  
S.L. Kitto
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Helleborus Orientalis

The objectives of this study were to develop systems for mass proliferation, rooting, and reestablishment of microcuttings of Helleborus orientalis and Aconitum uncinatum. Basal medium for H. orientalis contained 1/2 MS with 0.4 mg thiamine–HCl/liter, 0.5 mg pyridoxine–HCI/liter, 0.5 mg nicotinic acid/liter, 100 mg i-inositol/liter, 5 mg BA/liter, 2% sucrose, and 0.7% Phytagar. There was no effect of GA (1 mg–liter–1) or TDZ (0.1, 1 mg–liter–1) on axillary shoot proliferation. Helleborus orientalis rooted in vermiculite, Redi-Earth, or 4 perlite: 1 peat with 50% to 56% survival. A field plot containing 18 clonal H. orientalis has been established. Basal medium for A. uncinatum contained WPM with 2% sucrose, 2.5 mg BA/liter, 150 ppm ascorbic acid, 150 ppm citric acid, and 0.7% Phytagar. There was no effect of photoperiod (8, 12, 14 h, 52.5 μmol–m–2–s–1 photosynthetic active radiation) or banana extract on axillary shoot proliferation. Significantly more axillary shoots were generated in the presence of BA (10 mg–liter–1) + kinetin (10 mg–liter–1). Medium containing 500 ppm of PVPP resolved blackening of microcutting bases. More than 500 in vitro-rooted microcuttings (1 mg IBA/liter) survived and grew when transplanted into MetroMix 510 and placed under humidity domes for 6 weeks in the mist.

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