Callus Induction from Root Fragments of Falcataria moluccana Plantlets

Callus induction of F. moluccana (sengon) was still an obstacle to indirect organogenesis regeneration. The purpose of the study was to determine the callus induction formation from root fragments of F. moluccana plantlets. Primary explants (fragments of roots) were cultivated on MS induction basal media and three concentration combination of PGRs (BAP and NAA): 0.5 ml/l BAP; 0,1 ml/l NAA (single PGR); and combination of 0.5 ml/l BAP + 0.1 ml/l NAA (double PGR). When roots were used as explants, high formation rates of callus (more than 70%) were obtained. Highest formation rates of callus were in NAA added at all clones (12 clones), then BAP added (7 clones) and BAP + NAA added (5 clones). The results indicated that BAP and NAA concentrations used in the media were influence the producing callus and affect the amount of callus produced from roots of sengon. The addition of NAA also gives higher callus proliferation results than the addition of BAP or the addition of a combination of the two hormones. The results indicated that BAP and NAA concentrations used in the media were influence the producing callus and affect the amount of callus produced from roots of sengon.

FEATURES OF THE INTRODUCTION INTO IN VITRO CULTURE AND MICROPROPAGATION OF PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA

Paulownia sp. are tall and fast-growing perennial plants that grow faster than all woody plants in the world. In many countries, Paulownia sp. are used as a raw material in bioenergy, furniture industry, landscape gardening and technologies for phytoremediation. In this study for the first time in Kazakhstan, conditions of Paulownia tomentosa (P. tomentosa) in vitro cultivation and propagation have been optimized, also the factors influencing the morphogenetic activity of primary explants have been studied. Along with the adaptation potential of Paulownia tomentosa microclones to the ex situ conditions, laboratory standing order for microclonal reproduction have been evaluated. For sterilization of P. tomentosa explants are recommended to use 50% domestos and 0.1% merthiolate. Hormone-free WPM medium was considered as the most optimal for the in vitro propagation. Infrared light is highly recommended for P. tomentosa microclones adaptation, due to its ability to stimulate the formation plants aboveground biomass and root system. For Kazakhstan, the research of this type of tree crops is a relevant, new and promising direction. The development of microclonal propagation of Paulownia tomentosa will accelerate the process of introduction of Paulownia in our Republic.

Profiles of endogenous ABA, bioactive GAs, IAA and their metabolites in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. non-embryogenic and embryogenic tissues during induction phase in relation to somatic embryo formation

Main conclusion During the 3-week-long induction phase, when M. truncatula cells leaf explants from non-embryogenic genotype (M9) and embryogenic variant (M9-10a) were forming the callus, biosynthesis and degradation of ABA, Gas and IAA proceeded at different levels. Induction of embryo formation is related to a lower ABA content, compared to the content of IAA and that of total bioactive GAs. Abstract Endogenous phytohormones are involved in the regulation of zygotic embryogenesis, but their role, especially of ABA, a plant growth inhibitor, in inducing somatic embryogenesis (SE) in angiosperms is still incompletely known. To arrive a better understanding of the ABA role in the process, we analyzed simultaneously and in detail changes in the contents of both ABA and five bioactive GAs (GA4, GA7, GA1, GA3, GA6) and IAA in M. truncatula non-embryogenic M9 (NE) and embryogenic M9-10a (E) genotypes. The initial leaf explants of both genotypes, and particularly NE, contained many times more ABA compared to the total bioactive GAs or IAA. In tissues during the entire 21-day induction all the hormones mentioned and their metabolites or conjugates were present; however, their contents were found to differ between the lines tested. The ABA level in primary explants of NE genotype was more than two times higher than that in E genotype. An even larger difference in the ABA content was found on the last day (day 21) of the induction phase (IP); the ABA content in E callus was over six times lower than in NE callus. In contrast, the IAA and GAs contents in primary explants of both genotypes in relation to ABA were low, but the contents of IAA and GAs exceeded that of ABA in the M9-10a tissues on the last day of IP. It is shown for the first time that endogenous ABA together with endogenous bioactive GAs and IAA is involved in acquisition of embryogenic competence in Medicago truncatula leaf somatic cells. These findings have a strong functional implication as they allow to improve the SE induction protocol.

MANAGEMENT OF MORPHOGENESIS IN THE CULTURE OF HIGHER PLANTS IN VITRO

The paper presents the results of the application of vacuum infiltration of primary explants isolated from plants of different taxonomic groups (Ipomoea batatas (L.), Chrysanthemum indicum (L.) Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var cymosa Duch.). It was experimentally established that the proposed technology increases the morphogenetic potential of cultivated explants by 4 times, and for sweet potatoes-by 30%.

Genotype-specific requirements for in vitro culture initiation and multiplication of Magnolia taxa

The influence of basal media composition, concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs), and the developmental stage of primary explants (dormancy, stage of bud opening and fruit ripening) on the initiation phase of nine Magnolia genotypes, including M. stellata /Sieb. & Zucc./Maxim., M. × soulangeana ‘Rustica Rubra’, M. denudata Desr., M. × soulangeana ‘Alexandrina’, M. liliiflora Desr., M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils., M. salicifolia Maxim., M. × soulangeana ‘Lennei’, and M. kobus DC, was evaluated. The highest efficiency of primary culture initiation of seven Magnolia genotypes (except for M. liliiflora and M. salicifolia) was achieved from primary explants collected in the bud opening stage. A high positive correlation was found between total tannins and efficiency of the primary culture initiation at the fruit ripening stage (r = 0.833). Standardi and Catalano medium (S2) with 0.5 mg l−1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the most appropriate for multiplication of M. × soulangeana ‘Alexandrina’, whereas tissue cultures of M. × soulangeana ‘Lennei’ proliferated and grew better on S2 medium with 1.0 mg l−1 of BAP and 1.0 g l−1 of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The requirements for the composition of basal media and concentration of PGRs in the initiation and multiplication stages of micropropagation of various Magnolia species and cultivars are genotype-specific.

Some aspects of in vitro wheat biotechnology

Aim. Drastic climate changes lead to decrease of the appropriate agricultural plants and stimulate the elaboration of new biotechnologies. The preferences of in vitro system are used for providing the acceleration of the plant selection. The cultivating in vitro is a procedure combined common approaches and special adaptation to plant species. This ideology is essential for all cereals and for wheat in particular. There are several aspects of this ideology: the optimization of cultural conditions; the obtaining wheat cultures and studying distinctive features of their proliferation; the detection parameters of viability, realized on the entire plant level; the comparison of those reactions with cells characteristics. Methods. The standard manipulations of primary explants dissection and several protocols of callus induction and raise are used. Results. Cell cultures of new wheat genotypes were obtained. Those forms were selected in the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics NAS of Ukraine. The peculiar features of wheat cell cultures were revealed and investigated. Conclusions. Cell cultures obtained from new genotypes of winter wheat demonstrated common reactions with young plants. Parallel investigations of some biochemical parameters realized on cellular level in cell cultures and plant cells is a possible way to acceleration the genotypes with better characteristics selection. Keywords: winter wheat, in vitro system, cell culture.

A Practical and Efficient Method for the Micropropagation of Japanese Cherry (Prunus sp.)

This study was conducted to establish the procedure for in vitro propagation of Japanese cherry (Prunus sp.) to produce large quantity of plantlets and initial planting materials for climate adaptation research of this plant in Hanoi. Single nodal stems were used as the primary explants and initially produced shoots on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 BA. The highest shoot multiplication rate (9.57 times) was obtained on MS medium containing 1 mg L-1 BA and 0.25 mg L-1 a-NAA after 8 weeks of culture. 100% of the shoots produced roots with a mean of 10.10 roots per plant within 4 weeks on ½ MSM medium with 4 mg L-1 IBA. The survival rate of in vitro derived plantlets after a 6 to 7-week-period of rooting during acclimatization using a soil: coco peat: smoked rice husks (2:2:1, v/v/v) substrate was 100% and acclimatized plantlets showed good growth and development. This is the first report on a practical and efficient in vitro multiplication protocol for Japanese cherry in Vietnam, starting from shoot initiation to establishment of plants under greenhouse conditions.

Micropropagation of Asparagus densiflorus via axillary shoots, indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis

The present study has described a simple protocol for efficient plant regeneration of Asparagus densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’ and ‘Myriocladus’ using single-node spear explants, and indirect organogenesis via callogenesis induced on internode explants. The results showed that the genotypes ‘Sprengeri’ and ‘Myriocladus’ regenerated to complete plants via nodal cultures and callus tissue, but the plant regeneration response was higher in secondary explants on MS medium with NAA + kinetin (1+1 mg dm-3) after transfer onto a multiplication medium with IAA+BAP (1+4 mg dm-3), and then onto a rooting medium supplemented with IBA (10 mg dm-3) or NAA + kinetin (1+1 mg dm-3). Primary explants of both cultivars showed high regenerative potential (via the callus stage) on MS medium with IAA+BAP. The cultivar Sprengeri also regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. Both kinds of ‘Meyeri’ explants have a morphogenetic potential for the formation of shoots, which, however, were not capable of rooting. This confirms that the explant, genotype and culture medium are determining factors in the in vitro plant regeneration system.