scholarly journals Toward the Identification of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Leek: Evaluation of Organellar DNA Diversity among Cultivated Accessions of Allium ampeloprasum

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Havey ◽  
Daniela Lopes Leite
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Plant ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Cytoplasmic Diversity ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Great Headed Garlic

Hybrid leek is more uniform and higher yielding than open-pollinated cultivars and is presently produced by asexual propagation of a genic male-sterile plant. A cheaper method to produce hybrid leek seed would be a system of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the organellar genomes have correlated with CMS in many crops. We undertook gel-blot analyses of the chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs to assess cytoplasmic diversity among 62 accessions of the major cultivated forms of Allium ampeloprasum L. (leek, kurrat, and great-headed garlic). No polymorphisms were detected in the chloroplast genome of leek and kurrat. Three accessions of leek and one of kurrat possessed one or two of seven polymorphic mitochondrial probe-enzyme combinations. Great-headed garlic differed from leek and kurrat for six polymorphisms in the chloroplast genome and for many mitochondrial probe-enzyme combinations. Our analyses revealed few organellar polymorphisms among accessions of leek and kurrat, reducing the probability that selection of polymorphic cytoplasms will reveal CMS in leek.

scholarly journals Restriction Enzyme Analyses of Cytoplasmic Diversity in Leek

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 596e-596
Author(s):  
D.L. Leite ◽  
M.J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Organellar Genomes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Diversity ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Hybrid leek (Allium ampeloprasum) is significantly more uniform and higher yielding than open-pollinated populations. Because leek has perfect flowers, a male-sterility system is required to produce hybrid seed economically. No cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been described in leek. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the chloroplast and mitochondrial genome have correlated with the expression of CMS in many crops. We undertook restriction-enzyme analyses of the chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs to identify polymorphic organellar genomes among 65 accessions of cultivated leek. Polymorphisms were detected in the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Reciprocal crosses were generated to establish the transmission of the organellar genomes of leek.

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA, and double-stranded RNA in fertile and cytoplasmic male-sterile sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory G. Brown ◽  
Howard Bussey ◽  
Lee J. DesRosiers
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

The extent of variation in the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs), chloroplast DNAs (ctDNAs), and double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of sunflower lines carrying fertile and male-sterility conferring cytoplasms was examined. To minimize nuclear gene effects, efforts were concentrated on two chromosomally isogenic lines, CM400 (fertile) and cmsCM400 (male sterile), which differ only in their cytogenes. A circular 1.45 kilobases (kb) plasmid DNA was found in the mitochondria of the four fertile lines examined, but was absent in the male-sterile line. Restriction enzyme analysis of mtDNAs of the fertile and male-sterile cytoplasms with BamHI, EcoRI, and HindIII revealed no fragment mobility differences between them other than those which could be ascribed to the 1.45-kb circle. Similar restriction analysis of ctDNA showed no differences between fertile and male-sterile cytoplasms. Both CM400 and cmsCM400 contain dsRNA molecules. The number and sizes of these dsRNAs varied from preparation to preparation in both lines. Species of 3.3 and 1.5 kb, which were the only dsRNAs common to all preparations from CM400, were also the only species common to all preparations from cmsCM400. Thus, no consistent differences between the fertile and male-sterile cytoplasms were seen in these molecules. The specific association of the 1.45-kb plasmid with fertile cytoplasm together with the absence of variation in ctDNA and dsRNA, suggests the involvement of mtDNA in sunflower cytoplasmic male sterility.Key words: DNA (mitochondrial), sterility (male), sterility (cytoplasmic), Helianthus, sunflower, DNA chloroplast.

Male sterility in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss). IV. Genetics of MS-4

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder S. Banga ◽  
K. S. Labana
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Fertility Restorer ◽  
Male Sterile Plant ◽  
Restorer Genes ◽  
Fertility Restorer Genes

Male sterile plants of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.) were observed in the F2 generation of the cross RLM-198 × EJ-33. The genetic analysis revealed that male sterility occurred when the cytoplasm of RLM-198 interacted with recessive nuclear genes of EJ-33. The genetic constitution of RLM-198 was postulated to be (S) RF RF, EJ-33 as (F) rf rf, and the male sterile plants as (S) rf rf. Varieties of Indian mustard from India mostly contained dominant fertility restorer genes, while European varieties had a greater frequency of the recessive maintainer genes. None of these varieties, however, was capable of complete maintenance of male sterility. Heterosis for yield up to 56% over the national check was observed in field trials. The use of this cytoplasmic male sterile plant in hybrid mustard production will not be economical, until a complete maintainer for male sterility is identified.Key words: Brassica juncea, Indian mustard, male sterility, hybrids.

Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements and transcriptional alterations in the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480
Author(s):  
C A Makaroff ◽  
J D Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

Maternally inherited mutations, such as cytoplasmic male sterility, provide useful systems in which to study the function of plant mitochondrial genomes and also their interaction with nuclear genes. We have studied the organization and expression of the organelle genomes of the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish and compared them with those of normal radish to identify alterations that might be involved in cytoplasmic male sterility. The chloroplast DNAs of Ogura and normal radish are virtually indistinguishable, whereas their mitochondrial DNAs are highly rearranged. Alignment of a restriction map constructed for the 257-kilobase Ogura mitochondrial genome with that published for the 242-kilobase genome of normal radish reveals that the two mitochondrial DNAs differ in arrangement by at least 10 inversions. The transcriptional patterns of several known mitochondrial genes and of rearranged mitochondrial sequences were examined in three nuclear backgrounds. Altered transcripts were observed for three mitochondrial genes, atpA, atp6, and coxI. Rearrangements map near each of these genes and therefore may be responsible for their transcriptional alterations. Radish nuclear genes that restore fertility to the Ogura cytoplasm have no effect on the atp6 and coxI transcripts, but do influence the atpA transcriptional pattern.

scholarly journals Molecular Tagging of the Ms Locus in Onion

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fuat Gökçe ◽  
John McCallum ◽  
Yutaka Sato ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Group I ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Male Fertility Restoration

Cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS) is used to produce hybrid onion (Allium cepa L.) seed. For the most widely used source of onion CMS, male sterility is conditioned by the interaction of the male-sterile (S) cytoplasm and the homozygous recessive genotype at a nuclear male-fertility restoration locus (Ms). Maintainer lines are used to seed propagate male-sterile lines, possess normal (N) male-fertile cytoplasm, and are homozyous recessive at the Ms locus. Due to the biennial nature of onion, it takes 4 to 8 years of crossing and scoring of progeny phenotypes to establish if maintainer lines can be extracted from an uncharacterized population or family. Identification of nuclear markers tightly linked to the Ms locus would allow for molecular-facilitated selection of maintainer lines. We evaluated testcross progenies from a segregating family for nuclear restoration of male fertility over at least three environments. Although segregations in the F2 family fit the expected 1:2:1 ratio (P = 0.973), the proportion of male-sterile testcross progenies showed significant (P < 0.01) year effects and it is therefore imperative to score male-fertility restoration over environments. Too many male-sterile testcross progenies were often observed, indicating that the dominant allele conditioning male-fertility restoration for S cytoplasm may not show complete penetrance. Segregations of amplified fragment length polymorphisms and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) revealed RFLPs flanking the Ms locus at 0.9 and 8.6 cM. An onion cDNA showing highly significant homology to the aldehyde dehydrogenase conditioned by the rf2 locus of maize was identified and mapped to linkage group I, independent of the Ms locus. A sample of commercial onion germplasm was evaluated for putative allelic diversity at the RFLP loci linked to Ms. The genomic region corresponding to the cDNA (AOB272) revealing the closest RFLP to Ms was sequenced to reveal numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms. Single-stranded conformational polymorphisms and single nucleotide extensions were developed that revealed genomic variation at AOB272-EcoRI. The use of these molecular markers to select maintainer lines in onion is discussed.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements and transcriptional alterations in the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Makaroff ◽  
J D Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

Maternally inherited mutations, such as cytoplasmic male sterility, provide useful systems in which to study the function of plant mitochondrial genomes and also their interaction with nuclear genes. We have studied the organization and expression of the organelle genomes of the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish and compared them with those of normal radish to identify alterations that might be involved in cytoplasmic male sterility. The chloroplast DNAs of Ogura and normal radish are virtually indistinguishable, whereas their mitochondrial DNAs are highly rearranged. Alignment of a restriction map constructed for the 257-kilobase Ogura mitochondrial genome with that published for the 242-kilobase genome of normal radish reveals that the two mitochondrial DNAs differ in arrangement by at least 10 inversions. The transcriptional patterns of several known mitochondrial genes and of rearranged mitochondrial sequences were examined in three nuclear backgrounds. Altered transcripts were observed for three mitochondrial genes, atpA, atp6, and coxI. Rearrangements map near each of these genes and therefore may be responsible for their transcriptional alterations. Radish nuclear genes that restore fertility to the Ogura cytoplasm have no effect on the atp6 and coxI transcripts, but do influence the atpA transcriptional pattern.

DIGENIC INHERITANCE OF MALE STERILITY IN PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Sterile Plant ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Plant ◽  
Digenic Inheritance ◽  
Dominant Genes

Gynodioecy is an outbreeding mechanism where both male-sterile (i.e. female) and hermaphrodite plants are found. Plantago lanceolata is gynodioecious, and ratios of 1:1, 3:1, 7:1 and 15:1 obtained in the descendants of a male-sterile plant indicate that there are two duplicate dominant genes for hermaphroditism, and that the double recessive, ms1ms1ms2ms2, is male sterile. Descendants of other male-sterile plants produced different results suggesting the presence of some additional factor affecting the inheritance of male sterility.

scholarly journals RAPD MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH SINGLE GENE TRAITS IN IPOMOEA TRIFIDA

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 442d-442
Author(s):  
Petra Wolters ◽  
Wanda W. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Fertile Plant ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Plant ◽  
Ipomoea Trifida

Ipomoea trifida (2X = 30) is purported to be the wild Ipomoea species most closely related to the commercially grown Ipomoea batatas (sweetpotato, 6X = 90). The two species can be crossed with much difficulty, but seed occur rarely. Ipomoea trifida has been shown to possess some agronomically desirable traits that are missing in sweetpotato (e.g., sweetpotato-weevil resistance). Attempts to locate morphological markers in the diploid trifida that would serve as indicators of successful crosses with sweetpotato resulted in the identification of two traits controlled by single genes: nectary color and male sterility. Both traits require flowering to identify, and flowering is often difficult to induce in Ipomoea species. An analysis of I. trifida accessions using RAPD molecular markers was undertaken. Using a segregant population resulting from crossing a green nectary, fertile plant with a yellow nectary, male, sterile plant, RAPD analysis resulted in clear markers for both the nectary color trait and the male sterility trait. These traits now can be identified in the absence of flowering plants.

scholarly journals A single nucleotide polymorphism in an R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene triggers the male sterility in soybean ms6 (Ames1)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junping Yu ◽  
Guolong Zhao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Key message Identification and functional analysis of the male sterile gene MS6 in Glycine max. Abstract Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop providing vegetable oil and protein. The male sterility-based hybrid breeding is a promising method for improving soybean yield to meet the globally growing demand. In this research, we identified a soybean genic male sterile locus, MS6, by combining the bulked segregant analysis sequencing method and the map-based cloning technology. MS6, highly expressed in anther, encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor (GmTDF1-1) that is homologous to Tapetal Development and Function 1, a key factor for anther development in Arabidopsis and rice. In male sterile ms6 (Ames1), the mutant allele contains a missense mutation, leading to the 76th leucine substituted by histidine in the DNA binding domain of GmTDF1-1. The expression of soybean MS6 under the control of the AtTDF1 promoter could rescue the male sterility of attdf1 but ms6 could not. Additionally, ms6 overexpression in wild-type Arabidopsis did not affect anther development. These results evidence that GmTDF1-1 is a functional TDF1 homolog and L76H disrupts its function. Notably, GmTDF1-1 shows 92% sequence identity with another soybean protein termed as GmTDF1-2, whose active expression also restored the fertility of attdf1. However, GmTDF1-2 is constitutively expressed at a very low level in soybean, and therefore, not able to compensate for the MS6 deficiency. Analysis of the TDF1-involved anther development regulatory pathway showed that expressions of the genes downstream of TDF1 are significantly suppressed in ms6, unveiling that GmTDF1-1 is a core transcription factor regulating soybean anther development.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Gynodioecy in Plantago lanceolatu L. II. Mode of Action and Frequencies of Restorer Alleles

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 1317-1328
Author(s):  
Anita A de Haan ◽  
Hans P Koelewijn ◽  
Maria P J Hundscheid ◽  
Jos M M Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Fertility Restoration

Male fertility in Plantago lanceolata is controlled by the interaction of cytoplasmic and nuclear genes. Different cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) types can be either male sterile or hermaphrodite, depending on the presence of nuclear restorer alleles. In three CMS types of P. lanceolata (CMSI, CMSIIa, and CMSIIb) the number of loci involved in male fertility restoration was determined. In each CMS type, male fertility was restored by multiple genes with either dominant or recessive action and capable either of restoring male fertility independently or in interaction with each other (epistasis). Restorer allele frequencies for CMSI, CMSIIa and CMSIIb were determined by crossing hermaphrodites with “standard” male steriles. Segregation of male steriles vs. non-male steriles was used to estimate overall restorer allele frequency. The frequency of restorer alleles was different for the CMS types: restorer alleles for CMSI were less frequent than for CMSIIa and CMSIIb. On the basis of the frequencies of male steriles and the CMS types an “expected” restorer allele frequency could be calculated. The correlation between estimated and expected restorer allele frequency was significant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document