scholarly journals Combining Engineered (Bt-cry3A) and Natural Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Coombs ◽  
David S. Douches ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
Edward J. Grafius ◽  
Walter L. Pett
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Susceptible Control

The Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] is a destructive pest of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Combining resistance mechanisms of leptine glycoalkaloids and glandular trichomes with the synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) cry3A gene in potato may be an effective strategy for controlling the Colorado potato beetle. Bt-cry3A transgenic plants were developed for three potato lines with differing levels of resistance to Colorado potato beetle ['Yukon Gold' (susceptible control), USDA8380-1 (leptine glycoalkaloids), and NYL235-4 (glandular trichomes)]. Polymerase chain reaction, and Southern and northern blot analyses confirmed integration and transcription of the cry3A gene in the transgenic lines. Detached-leaf bioassays of the cry3A engineered transgenic lines demonstrated that resistance effectively controlled feeding by first instar Colorado potato beetles. The susceptible `Yukon Gold' control suffered 32.3% defoliation, the nontransformed high foliar leptine line (USDA8380-1) had 3.0% defoliation, and the nontransformed glandular trichome line (NYL235-4) had 32.9% defoliation. Mean percentage defoliation for all transgenic lines ranged between 0.1% and 1.9%. Mean mortality ranged from 0.0% to 98.9% among the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, compared to 20% for the susceptible `Yukon Gold' control, 32.2% for USDA8380-1, and 16.4% for NYL235-4. Results indicate that genetic engineering and the availability of natural resistance mechanisms of potato provide the ability to readily combine host plant resistance factors with different mechanisms in potato.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Natural, Engineered, and Combined Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Coombs ◽  
David S Douches ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
Edward J. Grafius ◽  
Walter L. Pett
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is the leading insect pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance has the potential use in an integrated pest management program for control of colorado potato beetle. During the 1998 and 1999 seasons, field studies were conducted to compare natural (leptine glycoalkaloids and glandular trichomes), engineered (Bt-cry3A and Bt-cry5 transgenic potato lines), and combined (Bt-cry5+glandular trichomes) plant resistance mechanisms of potato for control of colorado potato beetle. Nine different potato clones representing five different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated under natural colorado potato beetle infestation at the Montcalm Research Farm in Entrican, Michigan. The Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, the high leptine line (USDA8380-1), and the high foliar glycoalkaloid line (ND5873-15) were most effective for controlling defoliation by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae. The Bt-cry5 line (SPc5-G2) was not as effective as the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines ('Russet Burbank Newleaf,' RBN15, and YGc3.1). The glandular trichome (NYL235-4) and Bt-cry5+glandular trichome lines proved to be ineffective. Significant rank correlations for the potato lines between the two years were observed for egg masses, second and third instar, and fourth instar seasonal cumulative mean number of individuals per plant, and defoliation. Egg mass and first instar seasonal cumulative mean number of individuals per plant were not strong indicators of host plant resistance in contrast to second and third instars or adults. Based on these results, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, the high leptine line, and the high total glycoalkaloid line are effective host plant resistance mechanisms for control of colorado potato beetle.

scholarly journals Combining Natural and Engineered Host Plant Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Colorado Potato Beetle: Choice and No-choice Field Studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Coombs ◽  
David S. Douches ◽  
Susannah G. Cooper ◽  
Edward J. Grafius ◽  
Walter L. Pett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is the leading insect pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance is an important tool in an integrated pest management program for controlling insect pests. Field studies were conducted to compare natural host plant resistance mechanisms (glandular trichomes and Solanum chacoense Bitter-derived resistance), engineered [Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner Bt-cry3A], and combined (glandular trichomes + Bt-cry3A and S. chacoense-derived resistance + Bt-cry3A transgenic potato lines) sources of resistance for control of colorado potato beetle. Six different potato clones representing five different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated for 2 years in a field situation under natural colorado potato beetle pressure in Michigan and New York, and in a no-choice field cage study in Michigan. In the field studies, the S. chacoense-derived resistance line, Bt-cry3A transgenic, and combined resistance lines were effective in controlling defoliation by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae. Effectively no feeding was observed in the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines. The glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control, but had greater defoliation than the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the S. chacoense-derived resistance line. In the no-choice cage study, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the combined resistance lines were effective in controlling feeding by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae with no defoliation observed. The S. chacoense-derived resistance line and the glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control. Based on the results of the field trials and no-choice field cage studies, these host plant resistance mechanisms could be used to develop potato varieties for use in a resistance management program for control of colorado potato beetle.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Natural and Engineered Host Plant Resistance in Potato to the Colorado Potato Beetle

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Douches ◽  
T.J. Kisha ◽  
J.J. Coombs ◽  
W. Li ◽  
W.L. Pett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transgenic Lines

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the most serious insect pest of potatoes throughout the eastern and north central United States. Host plant resistance to the Colorado potato beetle has been identified in wild Solanum species and Bt-transgenic potato lines. Detached-leaf bioassays (72 h) were conducted on insecticide-resistant, first instar Colorado potato beetles to study the effectiveness of individual and combined host plant resistance traits in potato. Potato lines tested include non-transgenic cultivars (`Russet Burbank', `Lemhi Russet', and `Spunta'), a line with glandular trichomes (NYL235-4), a line with high foliar leptines (USDA8380-1), and transgenic lines expressing either codon-modified Bt-cry3A or Bt-cry5 (Bt-cry1Ia1). Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, foliar leptine line, and foliar leptine lines with Bt-cry5 had reduced feeding compared to non-transgenic cultivars. Glandular trichome lines and glandular trichome lines with Bt-cry5 did not reduce feeding in this no-choice feeding study. Some Bt-cry5 transgenic lines, using either the constitutive promoters CaMV35s or (ocs)3mas (Gelvin super promoter), were moderately effective in reducing larval feeding. Feeding on Bt-cry5 transgenic lines with the tuber-specific patatin promoter was not significantly different than or greater than feeding on the susceptible cultivars. Mortality of first instars was highest when fed on the Bt-cry3A lines (68% to 70%) and intermediate (38%) on the Bt-cry5 `Spunta' line SPG3 where the gus reporter gene was not included in the gene construct. Host plant resistance from foliar leptines is a candidate mechanism to pyramid with either Bt-cry3A or Bt-cry5 expression in potato foliage against Colorado potato beetle. Without multiple sources of host plant resistance, long-term sustainability is questionable for a highly adaptable insect like the Colorado potato beetle.

scholarly journals Susceptibility Level of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say) to Chlorpyrifos and Acetamiprid in Poland and Resistance Mechanisms of the Pest to Chlorpyrifos

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Węgorek ◽  
Joanna Zamojska ◽  
Marek Mrówczyński
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Glutathione Transferases ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say

Susceptibility Level of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa DecemlineataSay) to Chlorpyrifos and Acetamiprid in Poland and Resistance Mechanisms of the Pest to ChlorpyrifosNowadays, neonicotinoids play an essential role in the control of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) in Poland. Taking into consideration that CPB shows some resistance to pyrethroids and the main role of oxidative metabolism in this resistance, research was conducted to estimate CPB susceptibility level to chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid. The results pointed to a lack of CPB resistance to acetamiprid and a weak susceptibility level to chlorpyrifos by the CPB. For this reason, the second part of the experiment was aimed at detecting the resistance mechanisms of the CPB to chlorpyrifos. Results showed that none of the tested enzyme groups (oxidases, esterases and glutathione transferases) are the reason for CPB resistance to chlorpyrifos. The experiments revealed an increase in the beetles survival after adding oxidative enzyme blocker to chlorpyrifos.

scholarly journals Leptine-based Resistance to Colorado Potato Beetle among Interspecific Hybrids of Wild Potato

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 819F-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusuya Rangarajan ◽  
A. Raymond Miller ◽  
Richard Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Solanum Chacoense ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Insect Feeding ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Cultivated Potatoes ◽  
Leaf Disks

Leptine (LP) glycoalkaloids have been demonstrated to confer natural resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) in Solanum chacoense (chc). Development of cultivated potatoes with natural resistance to CPB has the potential to reduce both costs and environmental impacts of production by reducing pesticide use. To introgress the genes conferring leptine production from chc into S. tuberosum (tbr), clones of chc have been crossed with clones of S. phureja. Leaf disks from eight hybrids were subjected to a CPB second instar feeding bioassay to determine if extent of feeding was related to LP levels. Most hybrids contained leptinidine (LD, the aglycone of LP) levels intermediate to chc and tbr, and insect feeding was suppressed 30% to 50% in hybrids containing >10 mg·g–1 DW LD. One hybrid displaying feeding suppression contained a very low level of LD, whereas another hybrid that contained higher levels of LD had higher feeding rates. The presence of LD at “threshold” levels in these hybrids will suppress feeding of CPB, but other factors affecting resistance are also present and need to be explored.

Effect of α-Tomatine and Tomatidine on the Growth and Development of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Studies Using Synthetic Diets

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Kowalski ◽  
John M. Domek ◽  
Lind L. Sanford ◽  
Kenneth L. Deahl
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle Resistance

Glycoalkaloids are found throughout the genera Solanum (potato) and Lycopersicon (tomato). Certain glycoalkaloids, i.e., α-tomatine, solanocardenine, and leptine, have been implicated as resistance factors to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. The allelochemical properties of these glycoalkaloids have primarily been demonstrated by studies in planta, correlating Colorado potato beetle resistance with high levels of foliar glycoalkaloids: solanocardenine in S. neocardenasii, α-tomatine in S. pinnatisectum, and leptine in S. chacoense. Although the evidence that these glycoalkaloids mediate resistance is compelling, controlled analyses of Colorado potato beetle response to purified glycoalkaloids, fed to insects in synthetic diets, are necessary to characterize the allelochemic nature of these compounds. In this study, Colorado potato beetle reared on a meridic, synthetic diet supplemented with increasing concentrations of α-tomatine exhibit retarded growth and delayed development. These effects were evident throughout the insects' development, from egg to prepupal stage. Tomatidine (the aglycone of α-tomatine) has no effect on Colorado potato beetle, suggesting that the tetrasaccharide moiety of the glycoalkaloid is essential for insecticidal activity, consistent with a membrane-lytic mechanism of action.

Use of a detached leaf screening method for segregating Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) resistant Solanum hybrid lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Nandy ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Jilang Yang ◽  
Debbie Beasley ◽  
Hiyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Backcross Family ◽  
Susceptible Control

A diploid segregating population for resistance to Colorado potato beetle (CPB) was developed by crossing the resistant Mexican species Solanum pinnatisectum (S. pnt., 2n = 2x = 24) with the susceptible S. cardiophyllum (S. cph., 2n = 2x = 24). A resistant hybrid plant from this cross was selected and backcrossed as a female to S. cph in order to generate a backcross family. A beetle feeding preference test bioassay was developed to examine segregation for CPB resistance in 345 backcross progeny. A screening method that optimized the length of the feeding period allowed the quantification of CPB resistance in the backcross progeny. Percent resistance of the test lines over the susceptible control was determined using the formula R = 100 × [C/(C + L)]

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