scholarly journals Effectiveness of Natural and Engineered Host Plant Resistance in Potato to the Colorado Potato Beetle

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Douches ◽  
T.J. Kisha ◽  
J.J. Coombs ◽  
W. Li ◽  
W.L. Pett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transgenic Lines

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the most serious insect pest of potatoes throughout the eastern and north central United States. Host plant resistance to the Colorado potato beetle has been identified in wild Solanum species and Bt-transgenic potato lines. Detached-leaf bioassays (72 h) were conducted on insecticide-resistant, first instar Colorado potato beetles to study the effectiveness of individual and combined host plant resistance traits in potato. Potato lines tested include non-transgenic cultivars (`Russet Burbank', `Lemhi Russet', and `Spunta'), a line with glandular trichomes (NYL235-4), a line with high foliar leptines (USDA8380-1), and transgenic lines expressing either codon-modified Bt-cry3A or Bt-cry5 (Bt-cry1Ia1). Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, foliar leptine line, and foliar leptine lines with Bt-cry5 had reduced feeding compared to non-transgenic cultivars. Glandular trichome lines and glandular trichome lines with Bt-cry5 did not reduce feeding in this no-choice feeding study. Some Bt-cry5 transgenic lines, using either the constitutive promoters CaMV35s or (ocs)3mas (Gelvin super promoter), were moderately effective in reducing larval feeding. Feeding on Bt-cry5 transgenic lines with the tuber-specific patatin promoter was not significantly different than or greater than feeding on the susceptible cultivars. Mortality of first instars was highest when fed on the Bt-cry3A lines (68% to 70%) and intermediate (38%) on the Bt-cry5 `Spunta' line SPG3 where the gus reporter gene was not included in the gene construct. Host plant resistance from foliar leptines is a candidate mechanism to pyramid with either Bt-cry3A or Bt-cry5 expression in potato foliage against Colorado potato beetle. Without multiple sources of host plant resistance, long-term sustainability is questionable for a highly adaptable insect like the Colorado potato beetle.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Natural, Engineered, and Combined Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Coombs ◽  
David S Douches ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
Edward J. Grafius ◽  
Walter L. Pett
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is the leading insect pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance has the potential use in an integrated pest management program for control of colorado potato beetle. During the 1998 and 1999 seasons, field studies were conducted to compare natural (leptine glycoalkaloids and glandular trichomes), engineered (Bt-cry3A and Bt-cry5 transgenic potato lines), and combined (Bt-cry5+glandular trichomes) plant resistance mechanisms of potato for control of colorado potato beetle. Nine different potato clones representing five different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated under natural colorado potato beetle infestation at the Montcalm Research Farm in Entrican, Michigan. The Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, the high leptine line (USDA8380-1), and the high foliar glycoalkaloid line (ND5873-15) were most effective for controlling defoliation by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae. The Bt-cry5 line (SPc5-G2) was not as effective as the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines ('Russet Burbank Newleaf,' RBN15, and YGc3.1). The glandular trichome (NYL235-4) and Bt-cry5+glandular trichome lines proved to be ineffective. Significant rank correlations for the potato lines between the two years were observed for egg masses, second and third instar, and fourth instar seasonal cumulative mean number of individuals per plant, and defoliation. Egg mass and first instar seasonal cumulative mean number of individuals per plant were not strong indicators of host plant resistance in contrast to second and third instars or adults. Based on these results, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, the high leptine line, and the high total glycoalkaloid line are effective host plant resistance mechanisms for control of colorado potato beetle.

scholarly journals Combining Natural and Engineered Host Plant Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Colorado Potato Beetle: Choice and No-choice Field Studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Coombs ◽  
David S. Douches ◽  
Susannah G. Cooper ◽  
Edward J. Grafius ◽  
Walter L. Pett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is the leading insect pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance is an important tool in an integrated pest management program for controlling insect pests. Field studies were conducted to compare natural host plant resistance mechanisms (glandular trichomes and Solanum chacoense Bitter-derived resistance), engineered [Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner Bt-cry3A], and combined (glandular trichomes + Bt-cry3A and S. chacoense-derived resistance + Bt-cry3A transgenic potato lines) sources of resistance for control of colorado potato beetle. Six different potato clones representing five different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated for 2 years in a field situation under natural colorado potato beetle pressure in Michigan and New York, and in a no-choice field cage study in Michigan. In the field studies, the S. chacoense-derived resistance line, Bt-cry3A transgenic, and combined resistance lines were effective in controlling defoliation by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae. Effectively no feeding was observed in the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines. The glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control, but had greater defoliation than the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the S. chacoense-derived resistance line. In the no-choice cage study, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the combined resistance lines were effective in controlling feeding by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae with no defoliation observed. The S. chacoense-derived resistance line and the glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control. Based on the results of the field trials and no-choice field cage studies, these host plant resistance mechanisms could be used to develop potato varieties for use in a resistance management program for control of colorado potato beetle.

scholarly journals Comparing Host Plant Resistance, Engineered Resistance, and Insecticide Treatment for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato Leafhopper in Potatoes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Ghidiu ◽  
David S. Douches ◽  
Kimberly J. Felcher ◽  
Joseph J. Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Engineered Resistance

The Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) Order Coleoptera and the potato leafhopper,Empoasca fabae(Harris) Order Homoptera, are the major insect pests of potato in eastern North America. In two years of field trials, we compared the effectiveness of three pest management options for the control of Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhopper: natural host plant resistance (glandular trichomes), engineered resistance (Bacillus thuringiensis[Bt] Berlinercry3Agene) and a susceptible potato cultivar (Superior) with an at-planting application of the insecticide thiamethoxam. Similar and acceptable control of the Colorado potato beetle larvae was obtained with theBt-cry3Alines and the thiamethoxam treated “Superior” variety. The glandular trichome cultivar had significantly less Colorado potato beetle damage than did the untreated “Superior” in 2004, although damage was significantly greater than in theBt-cry3Alines and the insecticide-treated potatoes for both years, and was the only treatment that consistently had very little potato leafhopper damage. These data demonstrate that although each type of host plant resistance mechanism (Bt-cry3Aor glandular trichomes) was as effective as the chemical control against one of the insects, neither provides adequate resistance to both Colorado potato beetle and potato leaf hopper.

scholarly journals Combining Engineered (Bt-cry3A) and Natural Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Coombs ◽  
David S. Douches ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
Edward J. Grafius ◽  
Walter L. Pett
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Susceptible Control

The Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] is a destructive pest of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Combining resistance mechanisms of leptine glycoalkaloids and glandular trichomes with the synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) cry3A gene in potato may be an effective strategy for controlling the Colorado potato beetle. Bt-cry3A transgenic plants were developed for three potato lines with differing levels of resistance to Colorado potato beetle ['Yukon Gold' (susceptible control), USDA8380-1 (leptine glycoalkaloids), and NYL235-4 (glandular trichomes)]. Polymerase chain reaction, and Southern and northern blot analyses confirmed integration and transcription of the cry3A gene in the transgenic lines. Detached-leaf bioassays of the cry3A engineered transgenic lines demonstrated that resistance effectively controlled feeding by first instar Colorado potato beetles. The susceptible `Yukon Gold' control suffered 32.3% defoliation, the nontransformed high foliar leptine line (USDA8380-1) had 3.0% defoliation, and the nontransformed glandular trichome line (NYL235-4) had 32.9% defoliation. Mean percentage defoliation for all transgenic lines ranged between 0.1% and 1.9%. Mean mortality ranged from 0.0% to 98.9% among the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, compared to 20% for the susceptible `Yukon Gold' control, 32.2% for USDA8380-1, and 16.4% for NYL235-4. Results indicate that genetic engineering and the availability of natural resistance mechanisms of potato provide the ability to readily combine host plant resistance factors with different mechanisms in potato.

scholarly journals Colorado Potato Beetle Resistance in Somatic Hybrids of Diploid Interspecific Solanum Clones

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Jansky ◽  
Sandra Austin-Phillips ◽  
Corine McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Feeding Trials

The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a major insect pest that is controlled mainly through the use of pesticides. Development of potato clones with multiple forms of host plant resistance may provide a stable alternative or supplemental form of CPB control. Tetraploid hybrids were developed by somatic fusion of diploid interspecific Solanum clones with different forms of resistance to CPB. Hybrids were created between a clone containing leptine glycoalkaloids and four clones producing glandular trichomes. One fusion produced vigorous hybrids that were analyzed for CPB resistance traits. Somaclonal variation among hybrids was detected for trichome density and resistance to feeding by adult and larval beetles. Somatic hybrids were less resistant than the parents in adult feeding preference trials, but several were more resistant than either parent in larval feeding trials. Future studies are needed to determine whether clones producing both glandular trichomes and leptines express resistance that is more stable than that of clones with only one resistance factor.

scholarly journals Potato Transformation to Combine Natural and Engineered Resistance for Controlling Tuber Moth

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Douches ◽  
A.L. Westedt ◽  
K. Zarka ◽  
B. Schroeter ◽  
E.J. Grafius
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Potato Tuber Moth ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Bt Gene

Potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) is a highly destructive pest of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the tropics and subtropics and causes significant damage to both leaves and tubers. Development of host plant resistance is a central component of an integrated pest management (IPM) program for potato tuber moth. The purpose of this research was to augment natural resistance by transforming potato with a codon-modified CryV-Bt gene using Agrobacterium-mediated techniques. `Lemhi Russet' potato and two clones with different host plant resistance mechanisms, USDA8380-1 (leaf leptines) and L235-4 (glandular trichomes), were transformed with the CryV-Bt gene. Gene integration of regenerated plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reactions and Southern analyses; gene transcription was evaluated by northern analyses. Detached leaf bioassays showed that high levels of Bt expression occurred in the CryV-Bt transgenic lines (`Lemhi Russet' and L235-4), providing up to 96% control of potato tuber moth larvae, compared with 3% and 54% control in L235-4 and USDA8380-1, respectively. These transgenic lines can be used for breeding purposes to develop cultivars for (and eventual introduction into) IPM systems.

Variation in the number of capitate glandular trichomes in wild and cultivated sunflower germplasm and its potential for use in host plant resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad R. Prasifka
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Neonatal Stage ◽  
Sunflower Moth

The capitate glandular trichomes of wild sunflowers (Helianthus spp.) are considered to be effective defence components that act against some herbivorous insects, but cultivated sunflowers are reportedly deficient in glandular trichomes. To investigate whether glandular trichomes have a role in the protection of cultivated sunflowers against insects, in the present study, Helianthus annuus L. accessions were grown to quantify glandular trichome density in wild and cultivated germplasm types and assess potential anti-insect effects of terpenoids in the glandular trichomes of cultivated sunflowers. Evaluation revealed that capitate glandular trichomes are often abundant in cultivated sunflowers; relative to wild H. annuus, inbred maintainer (HA) lines have similar numbers of glandular trichomes per floret, while commercial hybrids have only ≈ 20% fewer trichomes when compared with wild sunflowers. In the laboratory assay, it was found that glandular trichome extracts increased the mortality rates of sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), larvae exposed from the neonatal stage to 9 d. In the surviving larvae, the extracts significantly reduced larval mass and head capsule width. Though there are limitations to the value of glandular trichomes for host plant resistance, the feeding deterrent or toxic effects of sesquiterpene lactones and diterpenes in sunflower glandular trichomes are not limited to sunflower moth larvae, suggesting a potential for resistance to other sunflower insect pests. Additional research is required to understand the inheritance and value of glandular trichomes in commercial sunflower germplasm and how the composition of terpenoids in the glandular trichomes of wild H. annuus may differ from that in cultivated material.

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