Leaf Gas Exchange Activity in Soybean as Related to Leaf Traits and Stem Growth Habit

Abstract Despite the economic importance of long-lived crop species in the Mediterranean Basin and their expansion to new warmer regions, their potential responses to prolonged temperature increases have not been adequately addressed. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess leaf gas exchange responses to prolonged elevated temperature in young olive trees; (ii) evaluate some additional leaf traits such as stomatal density and size under these same conditions; and (iii) determine whether photosynthetic acclimation to temperature was apparent. A field experiment with two temperature levels was conducted using well-irrigated, potted olive trees (cvs. Arbequina, Coratina) grown in open-top chambers during the summer and early fall in two growing seasons. The temperature levels were a near-ambient control (T0) and a heated (T+) treatment (+4 °C). Maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured. Stomatal size and density and trichome density were also determined. The Amax, gs and chlorophyll fluorescence were little affected by heating. However, leaf E was higher at T+ than T0 in the summer in both seasons due in large part to the moderate increase in vapor pressure deficit that accompanied heating, and consequently water-use efficiency was reduced in heated leaves. When reciprocal temperature measurements were conducted in mid-summer of the second season, Amax values of T0 and T+ leaves were higher under the temperature level at which they grew than when measured at the other temperature level, which suggests some thermal acclimation. Stomatal size and density were greater in T+ than in T0 grown leaves in some cases, which was consistent with a greater E in T+ leaves when measured at both temperature levels. These results suggest that acclimation to long-term changes in temperature must be carefully considered to help determine how olive trees will be influenced by global warming.

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Leaf Gas Exchange and Related Leaf Traits among 15 Winter Wheat Genotypes

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183x003100020044x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 443-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Jack A. Morgan ◽

Daniel R. LeCain

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Wheat Genotypes

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Phosphorus deficiency alters scaling relationships between leaf gas exchange and associated traits in a wide range of contrasting Eucalyptus species

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp17134 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 813 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nur H. A. Bahar ◽

Paul P. G. Gauthier ◽

Odhran S. O'Sullivan ◽

Thomas Brereton ◽

John R. Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Leaf Mass Per Area ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Scaling Relationships ◽

Wide Range ◽

Leaf Metabolism

Phosphorus (P) limitation is known to have substantial impacts on leaf metabolism. However, uncertainty remains around whether P deficiency alters scaling functions linking leaf metabolism to associated traits. We investigated the effect of P deficiency on leaf gas exchange and related leaf traits in 17 contrasting Eucalyptus species that exhibit inherent differences in leaf traits. Saplings were grown under controlled-environment conditions in a glasshouse, where they were subjected to minus and plus P treatments for 15 weeks. P deficiency decreased P concentrations and increased leaf mass per area (LMA) of newly-developed leaves. Rates of photosynthesis (A) and respiration (R) were also reduced in P-deficient plants compared with P-fertilised plants. By contrast, P deficiency had little effect on the temperature sensitivity of R. Irrespective of P treatment, on a log-log basis A and R scaled positively with increasing leaf nitrogen concentration [N] and negatively with increasing LMA. Although P deficiency had limited impact on A-R-LMA relationships, rates of CO2 exchange per unit N were consistently lower in P-deficient plants. Our results highlight the importance of P supply for leaf carbon metabolism and show how P deficiencies (i.e. when excluding confounding genotypic and environmental effects) can have a direct effect on commonly used leaf trait scaling relationships.

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Use of introgression lines to determine the ecophysiological basis for changes in water use efficiency and yield in California processing tomatoes

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp13097 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 119 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Felipe H. Barrios-Masias ◽

Roger T. Chetelat ◽

Nancy E. Grulke ◽

Louise E. Jackson

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Water Use ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Introgression Lines ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Assimilation Capacity

Field and greenhouse studies examined the effects of growth habit and chloroplast presence in leaf veins for their role in increasing agronomic water use efficiency and yields of California modern processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars. Five introgression lines (ILs), made with Solanum pennellii Cor. in the genetic background of cultivar M82, differ in genes that map to a region on Chromosome 5, including the SP5G gene (determinate vs. semideterminate (Det vs. SemiDet)) and the obv gene (presence (obscure) vs. absence (clear) of leaf vein chloroplasts (Obs vs. Clr)). The five ILs and M82 represented three of the four gene combinations (Det–Clr was unavailable). Det–Obs ILs had less leaf, stem and total aboveground biomass with earlier fruit set and ripening than SemiDet–Clr ILs. By harvest, total fruit biomass was not different among ILs. Photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were 4–7% and 13–26% higher, respectively, in Det–Obs ILs than SemiDet–Clr ILs. SemiDet–Obs ILs were intermediate for growth and gas exchange variables. The Det–Obs ILs had lower leaf N concentration and similar chlorophyll content per leaf area (but slightly higher per leaf mass) than SemiDet–Clr ILs. The Obs trait was associated with gains in leaf gas exchange-related traits. This study suggests that a more compact growth habit, less leaf biomass and higher C assimilation capacity per leaf area were relevant traits for the increased yields in cultivars with determinate growth. Developing new introgression libraries would contribute to understanding the multiple trait effects of desirable phenotypes.

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Evidence for the involvement of jasmonic acid in the control of the stem-growth habit of soybean plants

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.830104.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yasunori Koda ◽

Koichi Yoshida ◽

Yoshio Kikuta

Keyword(s):

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Soybean Plants

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Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment and root restriction on leaf gas exchange and growth of banana (Musa)

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.970408.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 685-693

Author(s):

B. Schaffer ◽

C. Searle ◽

A. W. Whiley ◽

R. J. Nissen

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Co2 Enrichment ◽

Atmospheric Co2 ◽

Root Restriction

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The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.540a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 540a-540

Author(s):

K.J. Prevete ◽

R.T. Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Herbaceous Perennials ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

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