Stem growth habit affects leaf morphology and gas exchange traits in soybean

An initial survey of the diversity of early lignotuber development in Eucalyptus and an analytical study of the anatomy of young lignotubers and the seedling stem are presented. Studies of the early stages of the morphological development of the lignotuber in 13 species, representative of five taxonomic groups, resulted in the recognition of four modes of lignotuber initiation. The importance to lignotuber formation of the presence of a suite of accessory buds, adaxial to the axillary bud, is emphasized but lignotuber initiation is not in all cases associated with these buds. Lignotuber buds are derived by branching from existing buds, ultimately from the accessory buds of the node. Following its initiation, the possibilities of later morphological development of the lignotuber are discussed. Lignotuber growth may dominate over stem growth and the lignotubers at a node may then fuse laterally to encircle the stem. Stem growth, on the other hand, may dominate over lignotuber growth and the lignotuber then appears to regress. The consequences for the growth habit of the plant of these alternative pathways of development are outlined. The wood of young lignotubers (and that of the swollen hypocotyl) is shown to be different in composition and in the sizes of its elements from that of seedling stem wood; these differences owe their origin to differences in the nature and performance of the cambia of the lignotuber and stem. In lateral fusion of the lignotubers at a node, and their upward and downwards extension over the stem, e.g. over the hypocotyl, stem cambial initials are either progressively lost or, more likely, converted to lignotuber-type initials. The possibility of the reverse process occumng in stem dominance is discussed.

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Tomato production in hydroponic system using different agrofilms as greenhouse cover

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620200109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 58-64

Author(s):

Douglas José Marques ◽

Edmur Matheus Filho ◽

Hudson C Bianchini ◽

Valdir Veroneze Junior ◽

Breno Régis Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Crop Production ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Indeterminate Growth ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽

Lycopene Content

ABSTRACT Protected cultivation has increased over the years. More studies on the benefits of using photoselective agrofilms are necessary. The choice of material to cover the greenhouse is a decisive factor for crop development and production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diffuser and blue-colored agrofilms on the production of different tomato cultivars of indeterminate growth habit under NFT hydroponic system. A completely randomized design in a 2x3 factorial scheme (two environments and three cultivars) was used: two agrofilm types (blue and diffuser) and 3 cultivars (Monterrey, Arendell and Totalle). Each plot consisted of 30 plants per treatment, with four replicates. Commercial tomato seedlings of indeterminate growth habit grafted on rootstock cultivar (Shincheonggang) were used. During the experiment, the electrical conductivity, intensity of radiation inside the greenhouse, gas exchange, soluble solids, lycopene content, pH and fruit production were evaluated. We concluded that the amount of radiation transmitted through the diffuser favors an increase of about 18% in gas exchange, 12% in lycopene content and 9.4% in tomato crop production.

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A taxonomic revision of the late Paleozoic lyginopterid, Sphenopteridium germanicum, and description of its globose-stem growth habit

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology ◽

10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104591 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104591

Author(s):

William A. DiMichele ◽

Hans Kerp ◽

Spencer G. Lucas ◽

Dan S. Chaney

Keyword(s):

Growth Habit ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Late Paleozoic

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Molecular mechanisms of flowering under long days and stem growth habit in soybean

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erw394 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. erw394 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dong Cao ◽

Ryoma Takeshima ◽

Chen Zhao ◽

Baohui Liu ◽

Abe Jun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Stem Growth

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Leaf Morphology, Shoot Growth, and Gas Exchange of Multifoliolate Alfalfa Phenotypes

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1988.0011183x002800020017x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 263-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. G. Etzel ◽

J. J. Volenec ◽

J. J. Vorst

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Morphology ◽

Shoot Growth

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Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Gas Exchange and Stem Growth of Four Euramerican Hybrid Poplars under Different Watering Regimes

New Forests ◽

10.1007/s11056-005-0879-7 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 435-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Jordi Voltas ◽

Luis Serrano ◽

Montserrat Hernández ◽

Jesús Pemán

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Carbon Isotope ◽

Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Isotope Discrimination ◽

Hybrid Poplars

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Determinate growth habit of grain legumes: role in domestication and selection, genetic control

Ecological genetics ◽

10.17816/ecogen16141 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ekaterina Krylova ◽

Elena Khlestkina ◽

Marina Burlyaeva ◽

Margarita Vishnyakova

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Shoot Meristem ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Genetic Mechanisms ◽

Determinate Growth ◽

Determinate Growth Habit

This review is devoted to the analysis of molecular genetic mechanisms of controlling the type of growth habit of grain legumes (pea, soybean, common bean, vigna); it provides information on the known homologous genes TFL1, LFY, AP1, FUL, FT, and FD. Significant changes in plant architecture were during domestication of grain legumes. Many wild relatives of legumes are characterized by an indeterminate growth habit type, cultivated plants are characterized by indeterminate and determinate types. In plants with a determinate growth habit type, terminal inflorescence is formed at transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase. These plants are characterized by a complex of features: simultaneous maturation of beans, resistance to lodging, etc. In indeterminate type of growth habit, the apical shoot meristem remains active during plant life. The main genes responsible for the plant transition to flowering are the homologs of the Arabidopsis genes LFY, TFL1, AP1. TFL1 gene is responsible for maintaining of growth of the shoot apical meristem; its homologs were identified in pea (PsTFL1a), soybean (Dt1/ GmTfl1), common bean (PvTFL1y), cowpea (VuTFL1). The identification and characterization of the genes responsible for the type of stem growth habit are necessary for the successful selection of modern varieties suitable for mechanized cultivation. Design of molecular markers that diagnose this important breeding trait at early plant development stages, will help determine the type of stem growth habit.

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Cytokinins Associated With Metamorphic Vegetative Growth in Elaeocarpus hookerianus

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9950067 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

JS Day ◽

PE Jameson ◽

KS Gould

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Leaf Morphology ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Transitional Stage ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Cytokinin Content ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

Adult Plants

Elaeocarpus hookerianus, a species endemic to New Zealand, exhibits metamorphic vegetative growth. The juvenile characteristically has small, thin leaves and an entangled branch habit, whereas the adult is arborescent with larger leaves. A transitional stage with branch pattern and leaf morphology intermediate between the juvenile and adult forms is also discernible. The three developmental stages exhibited by this species provide an appropriate system for examining possible correlations between growth habit and cytokinin content. Except for an unknown non-hydroxylated cytokinin, the cytokinins detected in E. hookerianus were similar to those measured by others in various plants. A trend of decreasing concentration of active cytokinin and of increasing concentration of storage cytokinin as a percentage of total cytokinin was measured between juvenile, transitional and adult forest-grown leaves. This trend was confirmed by measuring cytokinins from leaves of juvenile and adult plants propagated and grown in a glasshouse. While cytokinin concentration changes were correlated with modifications in branching pattern and leaf morphology, further work is needed to establish if these are causally linked.

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