Transfer of Fallout Cesium-137 from Soil to Dairy Cattle Feeds

1966 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Johnson ◽  
Daniel W. Wilson ◽  
Willard L. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Cattle Feeds

Determination of Cesium-137 and Related Sampling Problems of Dairy Cattle Feeds, 1962-1967

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-796
Author(s):  
G M Ward ◽  
J E Johnson ◽  
D L Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Cattle Feeds ◽  
The University ◽  
Sampling Problems

Abstract Samples of feeds fed to dairy cattle on the university farm were analyzed from 1962 to 1967 for fallout 137Cs by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. Maximum levels were observed in first-cutting alfalfa hay in 1963 (3600 pc/kg).Second and third cuttings each year were lower by factors of two to six. Levels declined each year after 1963 to barely detectable levels in mid-1967. Pasture forage or green-cut alfalfa contained concentrations of 137Cs similar to hay with the same seasonal and yearly patterns. Corn silage contained levels similar to later cuttings of hay. Grain mixes contained levels which were lower than forages by a factor of 10 in 1962-1963 but approached equal levels in subsequent years. The results indicated that sampling was much more important than radiation counting in explaining variation between sampling. The levels of 137Cs found in the feeds was readily explained in terms of observed patterns of fallout during this period.

scholarly journals Hydrophobized Reversed-Phase Adsorbent for Protection of Dairy Cattle against Lipophilic Toxins from Diet. Efficiensy In Vitro and In Vivo

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Alexander Sotnichenko ◽  
Evgeny Pantsov ◽  
Dmitry Shinkarev ◽  
Victor Okhanov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Lipophilic Toxins ◽  
Cattle Feeds

The steady growth of inflammatory diseases of the udder in dairy cattle forces us to look for the causes of this phenomenon in the context of growing chemical pollution of the environment and feeds. Within the framework of this concept, an analysis was made of the polarity level of the three toxic impurity groups, which are commonly present in dairy cattle feeds. These impurities are presented by mycotoxins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and persistent organic pollutants (POP). It has been determined that 46% of studied mycotoxins (n = 1500) and 100% of studied polyaromatic hydrocarbons (n = 45) and persistent organic pollutants (n = 55) are lipophilic compounds, prone to bioaccumulation. A comparative evaluation of the sorption capacity of four adsorbents of a different nature and polarity with respect to the simplest PAH, naphthalene and lipophilic estrogenic mycotoxin, zearalenone in vitro has been carried out. The highest efficiency in these experiments was demonstrated by the reversed-phase polyoctylated polysilicate hydrogel (POPSH). The use of POPSH in a herd of lactating cows significantly reduced the transfer of aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor, typical POPs from the “dirty dozen”, to the milk. The relevance of protecting the main functional systems of animals from the damaging effects of lipophilic toxins from feeds using non-polar adsorbents, and the concept of evaluating the effectiveness of various feed adsorbents for dairy cattle by their influence on the somatic cell count in the collected milk are discussed.

MINERAL ANALYSES OF DAIRY CATTLE FEED IN THE UPPER FRASER VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. CATHCART ◽  
J. A. SHELFORD ◽  
R. G. PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Cattle Feeds ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Fraser Valley ◽  
Mineral Analyses

Analyses of five macro-minerals and six trace minerals in dairy cattle feeds revealed higher iron, manganese and copper means and lower sulphur and selenium means than comparable reported values for most feed categories. Cattle fed mainly forages may not be receiving enough sulphur and selenium although copper levels appear to be adequate.

scholarly journals Common Hazards to Consider During Manufacturing of Feed for Beef and Dairy Cattle

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Langford ◽  
Matthew J. Hersom ◽  
Luiz Ferraretto ◽  
Antonio Faciola ◽  
Chad Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Chemical Hazards ◽  
Cattle Feeds ◽  
Animal Sciences

This 6-page document provides a list of common hazards to consider in the manufacturing of cattle feeds. It discusses the importance of preventing hazards, methods of prevention, and common physical, biological, and chemical hazards. Written by Taylor Langford, Matthew Hersom, Luiz Ferraretto, Antonio Faciola, Chad Carr, and Jason Scheffler, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, March 2018.  http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an343

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

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