Patent Pools and Innovation in Substitutes - Evidence from the 19th Century Sewing Machine Industry

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Lampe ◽  
Petra Moser
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sewing Machine ◽  
Patent Pools ◽  
Machine Industry ◽  
The 19Th Century

Patent pools and innovation in substitute technologies-evidence from the 19th-century sewing machine industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Lampe ◽  
Petra Moser
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sewing Machine ◽  
Patent Pools ◽  
Machine Industry ◽  
The 19Th Century

scholarly journals Do Patent Pools Encourage Innovation? Evidence from the Nineteenth-Century Sewing Machine Industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Lampe ◽  
Petra Moser
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Sewing Machine ◽  
Patent Pools ◽  
Patent Pool ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Machine Industry ◽  
As If

Members of a patent pool agree to use a set of patents as if they were jointly owned by all members and license them as a package to other firms. This article uses the example of the first patent pool in U.S. history, the Sewing Machine Combination (1856–1877) to perform the first empirical test of the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have discouraged patenting and innovation, in particular for the members of the pool. Data on stitches per minute, an objectively quantifiable measure of innovation, confirm these findings.

Defying “Death at the Wheel”

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Heather S. Nathans
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sewing Machine ◽  
The 19Th Century

Some obsessions stay with you for a reason. On its surface, Bertha, the Sewing Machine Girl; or, Death at the Wheel, a ludicrously named melodrama peopled with exaggerated heroines and villains, offers an example of the noncanonical, everyday fare that audiences consumed in playhouses throughout the 19th century. But the deeper I dug, the more questions I uncovered.

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

Homeopathy on trial: prospective clinical studies in the 19th century

2005 ◽  
Vol 250 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Dean
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
The 19Th Century

The discovery of ether anesthesia. Jumping on the 19th-century bandwagon

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
J. F. Crenshaw
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
The 19Th Century

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

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