Strategic Responses to Peer-Firm Financial Flexibility: Evidence from Indirect Treatment Effects

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Nordlund
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Strategic Responses ◽  
Financial Flexibility ◽  
Indirect Treatment

scholarly journals Causal inference and adjustment for reference-arm risk in indirect treatment comparison meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 737-750
Author(s):  
Elyse Swallow ◽  
Oscar Patterson-Lomba ◽  
Rajeev Ayyagari ◽  
Corey Pelletier ◽  
Rina Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Indirect Treatment Comparison ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Improve Model ◽  
Indirect Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aim: To illustrate that bias associated with indirect treatment comparison and network meta-analyses can be reduced by adjusting for outcomes on common reference arms. Materials & methods: Approaches to adjusting for reference-arm effects are presented within a causal inference framework. Bayesian and Frequentist approaches are applied to three real data examples. Results: Reference-arm adjustment can significantly impact estimated treatment differences, improve model fit and align indirectly estimated treatment effects with those observed in randomized trials. Reference-arm adjustment can possibly reverse the direction of estimated treatment effects. Conclusion: Accumulating theoretical and empirical evidence underscores the importance of adjusting for reference-arm outcomes in indirect treatment comparison and network meta-analyses to make full use of data and reduce the risk of bias in estimated treatments effects.

Local Average and Quantile Treatment Effects Under Endogeneity: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Huber ◽  
Kaspar Wüthrich
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Quantile Treatment Effects ◽  
Indirect Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effect Models ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Average ◽  
Heterogeneous Treatment Effect

Abstract This paper provides a review of methodological advancements in the evaluation of heterogeneous treatment effect models based on instrumental variable (IV) methods. We focus on models that achieve identification by assuming monotonicity of the treatment in the IV and analyze local average and quantile treatment effects for the subpopulation of compliers. We start with a comprehensive discussion of the binary treatment and binary IV case as for instance relevant in randomized experiments with imperfect compliance. We then review extensions to identification and estimation with covariates, multi-valued and multiple treatments and instruments, outcome attrition and measurement error, and the identification of direct and indirect treatment effects, among others. We also discuss testable implications and possible relaxations of the IV assumptions, approaches to extrapolate from local to global treatment effects, and the relationship to other IV approaches.

Measuring direct and indirect treatment effects using safety performance intervention functions

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim El-Basyouny ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Indirect Treatment

scholarly journals The Effect of Retirement on Mental Health: Indirect Treatment Effects and Causal Mediation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Salm ◽  
Bettina M Siflinger ◽  
Mingjia Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Causal Mediation ◽  
Indirect Treatment

Indirect Treatment Effects of Water–Air MHCD Jet on the Inactivation of Penicillium Digitatum Suspension

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2729-2737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Liu ◽  
Chenying Wang ◽  
Huimin Hu ◽  
Juzhang Lei ◽  
Leng Han
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Indirect Treatment
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