Interactions between filamentous sulfur bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria and poly-P accumulating bacteria in anaerobic-oxic activated sludge from a municipal plant

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto ◽  
Saburo Matsui ◽  
Tomoaki Komori ◽  
Edja. Kofi. Bosque-Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rate ◽  
Filamentous Bulking ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rates ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The interactions between filamentous sulfur bacteria (FSB), sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and poly-P accumulating bacteria (PAB) in the activated sludge of a municipal plant operated under anaerobic-oxic conditions were examined in batch experiments using return sludge (RAS) and settled sewage. Phosphate release and sulfate reduction occurred simultaneously under anaerobic conditions. SRB were more sensitive to temperature changes than PAB. SRB played an important role in the decomposition of propionate to acetate. When the sulfate reduction rates were high, there was a tendency for the maximum release of phosphate also to be high. This was explained by the fact that PAB utilized the acetate produced by SRB. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria were sensitive to temperature change. When the sulfate reduction rate was high, the sulfide oxidizing rate was also high and filamentous bulking occurred. The results showed that sulfate reduction was a cause of filamentous bulking due to Type 021N that could utilize reduced sulfur.

Ecological interactions among denitrification, poly-P accumulation, sulfate reduction, and filamentous sulfur bacteria in activated sludge

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto ◽  
Saburo Matsui ◽  
Tomoaki Komori
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rate ◽  
Filamentous Bulking ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Effects of anoxic-oxic conditions on the growth of sulfate reduction, poly-P accumulation and filamentous sulfur bacteria were examined in the laboratory scale sequential batch reactors. In the anoxic-oxic conditions, denitrification bacteria are dominant. The growth of sulfate reducing bacteria and poly-P accumulating bacteria was suppressed. The number of sulfate reducing bacteria in the activated sludge was below 104 MPN/g MLSS, and the sulfate reduction rate was very low. Filamentous bulking was also suppressed. On the other hand, when nitrate was removed from the artificial wastewater, sulfate reducing bacteria could grow predominantly in the anaerobic conditions. The number of sulfate reducing bacteria was about 106∼107 MPN/g MLSS and the sulfate reduction rate increased (0.17 ∼ 0.21 g SO4/g MLSS·hr). Filamentous bacteria Type 021N increased over 103 cm/mg MLSS. Sodium molybdate was added to the artificial wastewater in order to prevent sulfate reduction. When the concentration of sodium molybdate increased to 980 mg/L, the number of sulfate reducing bacteria decreased to 103 ∼ 104 MPN/g MLSS and the sulfate reduction rate decreased. Filamentous bulking was completely suppressed in these conditions. These results show that sulfate reduction is a main trigger of the filamentous bulking due to Type 021N that can utilize reduced sulfur for an energy source.

scholarly journals Transition from Anaerobic to Aerobic Growth Conditions for the Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfovibrio oxyclinae Results in Flocculation

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 5005-5012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Sigalevich ◽  
Eran Meshorer ◽  
Yael Helman ◽  
Yehuda Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Cyanobacterial Mat ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT A chemostat culture of the sulfate-reducing bacteriumDesulfovibrio oxyclinae isolated from the oxic layer of a hypersaline cyanobacterial mat was grown anaerobically and then subjected to gassing with 1% oxygen, both at a dilution rate of 0.05 h−1. The sulfate reduction rate under anaerobic conditions was 370 nmol of SO4 2− mg of protein−1 min−1. At the onset of aerobic gassing, sulfate reduction decreased by 40%, although viable cell numbers did not decrease. After 42 h, the sulfate reduction rate returned to the level observed in the anaerobic culture. At this stage the growth yield increased by 180% compared to the anaerobic culture to 4.4 g of protein per mol of sulfate reduced. Protein content per cell increased at the same time by 40%. The oxygen consumption rate per milligram of protein measured in washed cell suspensions increased by 80%, and the thiosulfate reduction rate of the same samples increased by 29% with lactate as the electron donor. These findings indicated possible oxygen-dependent enhancement of growth. After 140 h of growth under oxygen flux, formation of cell aggregates 0.1 to 3 mm in diameter was observed. Micrometer-sized aggregates were found to form earlier, during the first hours of exposure to oxygen. The respiration rate of D. oxyclinaewas sufficient to create anoxia inside clumps larger than 3 μm, while the levels of dissolved oxygen in the growth vessel were 0.7 ± 0.5 μM. Aggregation of sulfate-reducing bacteria was observed within a Microcoleus chthonoplastes-dominated layer of a cyanobacterial mat under daily exposure to oxygen concentrations of up to 900 μM. Desulfonema-like sulfate-reducing bacteria were also common in this environment along with other nonaggregated sulfate-reducing bacteria. Two-dimensional mapping of sulfate reduction showed heterogeneity of sulfate reduction activity in this oxic zone.

scholarly journals Salinity Responses of Benthic Microbial Communities in a Solar Saltern (Eilat, Israel)

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1608-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketil Bernt S�rensen ◽  
Donald E. Canfield ◽  
Aharon Oren
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rate ◽  
Anoxygenic Phototrophs ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Oxygen Budget ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Optimum Salinity

ABSTRACT The salinity responses of cyanobacteria, anoxygenic phototrophs, sulfate reducers, and methanogens from the laminated endoevaporitic community in the solar salterns of Eilat, Israel, were studied in situ with oxygen microelectrodes and in the laboratory in slurries. The optimum salinity for the sulfate reduction rate in sediment slurries was between 100 and 120‰, and sulfate reduction was strongly inhibited at an in situ salinity of 215‰. Nevertheless, sulfate reduction was an important respiratory process in the crust, and reoxidation of formed sulfide accounted for a major part of the oxygen budget. Methanogens were well adapted to the in situ salinity but contributed little to the anaerobic mineralization in the crust. In slurries with a salinity of 180‰ or less, methanogens were inhibited by increased activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria metabolized at near-optimum rates at the in situ salinity, whereas the optimum salinity for anoxygenic phototrophs was between 100 and 120‰.

Symbiosis and competition among sulfate reduction, filamentous sulfur, denitrification, and poly-p accumulation bacteria in the anaerobic-oxic activated sludge of a municipal plant

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto ◽  
Saburo Matsui ◽  
Tomoaki Komori ◽  
E. J. Bosque-Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Symbiosis and competition were examined among sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), filamentous sulfur bacteria (FSB), denitrification bacteria (DNB) and poly-P accumulation bacteria (PAB) in the activated sludge of a municipal plant operated under anaerobic-oxic conditions. Batch experiments were carried out using settled sewage from the same plant as the substrate under several conditions. Under oxic conditions, both sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation occurred simultaneously, making a symbiotic relationship of SRB and FSB for establishment of a sulfur cycle sustaining the energy requirements. Under anoxic conditions, denitrification was dominant because DNB outcompeted PAB and SRB for organic acids. Under anaerobic conditions, phosphate release and sulfate reduction occurred simultaneously. SRB produced for moles of acetate from four moles of propionate and/or unknown substances by reduction of three moles of sulfate. PAB competed with sulfate-reducing bacteria for organic acids such as propionate. However, PAB utilized acetate produced by SRB.

scholarly journals Diversity, Activity, and Abundance of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Saline and Hypersaline Soda Lakes

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 2093-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Foti ◽  
Dimitry Y. Sorokin ◽  
Bart Lomans ◽  
Marc Mussman ◽  
Elena E. Zacharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rate ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Soda lakes are naturally occurring highly alkaline and saline environments. Although the sulfur cycle is one of the most active element cycles in these lakes, little is known about the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In this study we investigated the diversity, activity, and abundance of SRB in sediment samples and enrichment cultures from a range of (hyper)saline soda lakes of the Kulunda Steppe in southeastern Siberia in Russia. For this purpose, a polyphasic approach was used, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of dsr gene fragments, sulfate reduction rate measurements, serial dilutions, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Comparative sequence analysis revealed the presence of several novel clusters of SRB, mostly affiliated with members of the order Desulfovibrionales and family Desulfobacteraceae. We detected sulfate reducers and observed substantial sulfate reducing rates (between 12 and 423 μmol/dm3 day−1) for most lakes, even at a salinity of 475 g/liter. Enrichments were obtained at salt saturating conditions (4 M Na+), using H2 or volatile fatty acids as electron donors, and an extremely halophilic SRB, strain ASO3-1, was isolated. Furthermore, a high dsr gene copy number of 108 cells per ml was detected in a hypersaline lake by qPCR. Our results indicate the presence of diverse and active SRB communities in these extreme ecosystems.

Improved Most-Probable-Number Method To Detect Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria with Natural Media and a Radiotracer

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1700-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Vester ◽  
Kjeld Ingvorsen
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rates ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Natural Media

ABSTRACT A greatly improved most-probable-number (MPN) method for selective enumeration of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is described. The method is based on the use of natural media and radiolabeled sulfate (35SO4 2−). The natural media used consisted of anaerobically prepared sterilized sludge or sediment slurries obtained from sampling sites. The densities of SRB in sediment samples from Kysing Fjord (Denmark) and activated sludge were determined by using a normal MPN (N-MPN) method with synthetic cultivation media and a tracer MPN (T-MPN) method with natural media. The T-MPN method with natural media always yielded significantly higher (100- to 1,000-fold-higher) MPN values than the N-MPN method with synthetic media. The recovery of SRB from environmental samples was investigated by simultaneously measuring sulfate reduction rates (by a35S-radiotracer method) and bacterial counts by using the T-MPN and N-MPN methods, respectively. When bacterial numbers estimated by the T-MPN method with natural media were used, specific sulfate reduction rates (qSO4 2−) of 10−14to 10−13 mol of SO4 2−cell−1 day−1 were calculated, which is within the range of qSO4 2− values previously reported for pure cultures of SRB (10−15 to 10−14 mol of SO4 2− cell−1day−1). qSO4 2− values calculated from N-MPN values obtained with synthetic media were several orders of magnitude higher (2 � 10−10 to 7 � 10−10 mol of SO4 2−cell−1 day−1), showing that viable counts of SRB were seriously underestimated when standard enumeration media were used. Our results demonstrate that the use of natural media results in significant improvements in estimates of the true numbers of SRB in environmental samples.

scholarly journals Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Their Activities in Cyanobacterial Mats of Solar Lake (Sinai, Egypt)

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 2943-2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Teske ◽  
Niels B. Ramsing ◽  
Kirsten Habicht ◽  
Manabu Fukui ◽  
Jan Küver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Cyanobacterial Mat ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Solar Lake ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rates ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT The sulfate-reducing bacteria within the surface layer of the hypersaline cyanobacterial mat of Solar Lake (Sinai, Egypt) were investigated with combined microbiological, molecular, and biogeochemical approaches. The diurnally oxic surface layer contained between 106 and 107 cultivable sulfate-reducing bacteria ml−1 and showed sulfate reduction rates between 1,000 and 2,200 nmol ml−1 day−1, both in the same range as and sometimes higher than those in anaerobic deeper mat layers. In the oxic surface layer and in the mat layers below, filamentous sulfate-reducing Desulfonema bacteria were found in variable densities of 104 to 106cells ml−1. A Desulfonema-related, diurnally migrating bacterium was detected with PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis within and below the oxic surface layer. Facultative aerobic respiration, filamentous morphology, motility, diurnal migration, and aggregate formation were the most conspicuous adaptations of Solar Lake sulfate-reducing bacteria to the mat matrix and to diurnal oxygen stress. A comparison of sulfate reduction rates within the mat and previously published photosynthesis rates showed that CO2 from sulfate reduction in the upper 5 mm accounted for 7 to 8% of the total photosynthetic CO2 demand of the mat.

Control of filamentous bulking and interactions among sulfur oxidation-reduction and iron oxidation-reduction in activated sludge using an iron coagulant

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto ◽  
Saburo Matsui ◽  
Tomoaki Komori ◽  
Edja Kofi Bosque-Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Filamentous Bulking ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The effect of iron coagulant on control of filamentous bulking and phosphate removal was investigated using a laboratory scale activated sludge process. Sulfate reduction was correlated to activated sludge bulking. When FeCl2 was added to the aeration tank, most of the phosphate was removed. Sulfate reduction and filamentous bulking were also suppressed. The addition of FeCl2 was also effective in suppressing phosphate release and sulfide production from wasted sludge. Interactions among sulfur oxidation-reduction and iron oxidation-reduction were examined in the batch experiments. When FeCl2 was added, iron reducing bacteria outcompeted sulfate reducing bacteria and iron oxidizing bacteria grew predominantly.

Filamentous Bulking and Hindrance of Phosphate Removal Due to Sulfate Reduction in Activated Sludge

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Ikemoto Yamamoto ◽  
Tomoaki Komori ◽  
Saburo Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Sulfate reduction in the activated sludge cultivated with glucose and peptone in the sequential batch reactor system and the continuous anaerobic-oxic system was examined. In both systems, sulfate reduction occurred. When the sulfate reduction ratio increased, Type 021N or Beggiatoa sp. grew in the sludge and settling characteristics became poor. These results suggested that sulfate reduction was a cause of growth of the filamentous bacteria which could utilize sulfide for the energy source. There was a tendency that the greater the sulfate reduction ratio was, the smaller the phosphate removal ratio was. As a result of batch experiments using the mixed liquor and the wall growing sludge, it was demonstrated that the sulfate reducing bacteria grown in the activated sludge mainly produced acetate from propionate and lactate. About 107~108 MPN of sulfate reducing bacteria grew in 1 g of the activated sludge and about 109 MPN grew in 1 g of the wall growing sludge.

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