STUDY THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIADHESIVE ACTIVITY OF PURIFIED BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED FROM LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

This study was aimed to purification the biosurfactant that produced from Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from clinical samples of iraqi healthy women by column chromatography through silica gel column (3.5 × 30 cm) using solvent system (chloroform : methanol, 2:1) and characterization the purified product by Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography (GC) mass then evaluated its antibacterial and anti-adhesive activity. The results shown the higher emulsification activity (E24%= 63) and lower the surface tension to 23 mN/m in synthetic MSM, while the natural media gave (E24% =71) and lower surface tension to 19 mN/m. The using TLC technique indicated presence of lipopeptide in the biosurfactant with Rf value = 0.82. Antibacterial and antiadhesion activities were evaluated against some pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas aureginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed a higher inhibitory effect of biosurfactant at concentration 200 mg/ml on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with the inhibition zone 27 mm and 33 mm respectively in BCDFTM media. While purified biosurfactant with concentration 200 mg/ml produced in MSM media had an effect on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with the inhibition zone 21 mm, and 18 mm respectively. The anti-adhesion activity of purified biosurfactant against p.aeruginosa ranging from (34.70 ± 5.256) to (11.7 ± 9.7) produced from natural media BCDFTM and was higher than the anti-adhesion activity of purified biosurfactant against the same pathogen ranging from (46.95 ± 7.37) to (20.15 ± 2.805) produced in MSM.

Advanced treatment of effluent extended aeration process using biological aerated filter (BAF) with natural media: modification in media, design and backwashing process

Biological aerated filters (BAFs) have high filtration efficiency due to their tolerance of hydraulic and organic shocks are suitable for the treatment of complex and sanitary wastewater. In this study, for the first time, natural media of date kernel from Bam city was used as the BAF reactor media, with a meshing sand filter separated by a standard metal grid from the natural filter section used at the end of the reactor. This can be considered an innovation in the media and filtration. Aeration in the related reactor with 160 cm height was performed bilaterally as up-flow and continuously by nozzles throughout the reactor media. In this work, the actual effluent of the hospital wastewater treatment plant was employed as the inflow wastewater to the reactor, and its organic and inorganic parameters were measured before and after the treatment by the BAF reactor. The backwashing process was also studied in three ways: bottom backwashing (TB), top backwashing (BB), and top and bottom backwashing (TBBS), to determine the amount of water consumed and to achieve the desired result. According to the results obtained in this study, the removal efficiencies of inorganic and microbial contaminants, amoxicillin and azithromycin were obtained as follows: BOD5: 98.48%, COD: 92.42%, $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ NO 3 - : 99.4%, P: 93.3%, Coliforms: 97%, Color: 42.8%, Turbidity: 95%, Sulphate: 30%, TSS: 98.9%, Amoxicillin: 20% and azithromycin: 13%. In the backwashing process, the amount of water consumed in these three TB, BB, and TBBS methods were obtained 300, 164, and 118 L, respectively, So, TBBS method was selected as the optimal method. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the BAF process with natural date kernel has a high efficiency in removing organic and inorganic contaminants from hospital wastewater, also the concentration of most of the effluent parameters was less or in accordance with EPA standard.

Advanced Treatment of Effluent Extended Aeration Process Using Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) With Natural Media: Modification in Media, Design, and Backwashing Process

Due to their tolerance of hydraulic and organic shocks, biological aerated filters (BAFs) have high filtration efficiency and are suitable for the treatment of complex and sanitary wastewater. In this study, for the first time, natural media of date kernel from Bam city was used as the BAF reactor media, with a meshing sand filter separated by a standard metal grid from the natural filter section used at the end of the reactor. This can be considered an innovation in the media and filtration. Aeration in the related reactor with 160 cm height was performed bilaterally as up-flow and continuously by nozzles throughout the reactor media. In this work, the actual effluent of the hospital wastewater treatment plant was employed as the inflow wastewater to the reactor, and its organic and inorganic parameters were measured before and after the treatment by the BAF reactor. The backwashing process was also studied in three ways: bottom backwashing (TB), top backwashing (BB), and top and bottom backwashing (TBBS), to determine the amount of water consumed and to achieve the desired result. According to the results obtained in this study, the removal efficiencies of inorganic and microbial contaminants, amoxicillin and azithromycin were obtained as follows: BOD5: 98.48%, COD: 92.42.8%, NO-3: 99.4%, P: 93.3%, Coliforms: 97%, Color: 42.8%, Turbidity: 95%, Sulphate: 30%, TSS: 98.9%, Amoxicillin: 20% and azithromycin: 13%. The TBBS method was selected as the optimal method. The effect of backwashing effluent return was evaluated on the results of the parameters. The concentration of most of the outflow parameters was less or in accordance with EPA agriculture standard 2012.

Modelling Bioprocesses Using Component Profiles in Natural Media, Named “Substratome”, Obtained by Performing Comprehensive Non-Targeted Analysis

Natural media are often used for various commercial bioprocesses by manufacturers to cut raw material cost. However, the components of the raw materials varies between lot-to-lots and brand-to-brands. The varieties of raw materials influence to the cell growths and materials productivities, and results in unstable production across batches in manufacturing processes. To ensure the quality of raw materials among batches, it is necessary to perform a laboratory screening to purchasing the optimal one, and ensure a desirable performance in industrial process. To solve the serious problems in bioprocesses, it is developing that a modelling methodology using composition of raw materials, named us “substratome”, obtained by non-targeted metabolomicslike methods can estimate the cell growth and bio-productions. Here, we will present that two model studies: [1] Escherichia coli growths have been estimated from hydrophilic components in yeast extract obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and [2] bioethanol production have been estimated by the volatile components in corncob and corn stover hydrolysates obtained by GC-MS; by partial least square regression (PLS-R). Additionally, we will present preliminary results to solve the same issues by using artificial intelligence.

MEDIA BAHAN ALAM UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN KLASIFIKASI PADA ANAK USIA DINI

Pemanfaatan bahan alam yang ada di sekitar lingkungan sekolah masih jarang sekali dilakukan oleh guru untuk mendorong kemampuan klasifikasi pada anak usia dini usia 5-6 tahun. Guru hanya menggunakan media berupa benda konkret yang ada di kelas saja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan media bahan alam dalam membantu meningkatkan kemampuan klasifikasi pada anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil observasi selama lima kali pertemuan, menunjukkan bahwa guru menggunakan media bahan alam untuk mengembangkan kemampuan mengklasifikasi benda pada anak usia dini. Media bahan alam yang adalah batu-batu kecil, benih padi, biji salak, biji asam, air, sirup warna warni, batang pohon kering dan daun. Aktivitas belajar yang dilakukan siswa adalah mencari, mengumpulkan, mengelompokkan, membedakan, bermain sains dan menanam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media bahan alam dapat meningkatkan kemampuan klasifikasi anak usia dini.Teachers rarely use natural materials around the school environment to encourage classification skills in children aged 5-6 years. Teachers only use media in the form of concrete objects in the classroom. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of natural media in improving early childhood’s classification ability. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with interviews, observation and documentation as data collection method. The results of this study indicate that the teacher used the natural media to develop their pupils’ object classification skills. During playing and learning activities teachers used natural materials such as tree branches, seeds, colourful liquid or syrup and inanimate objects. Learning activities carried out by students were searching, collecting, grouping, differentiating, playing science, and planting. This study concludes that the use of natural media can improve the classification skills of early childhood.

FASILITAS EDUKASI DAN HIBURAN BERBASIS TANAMAN DI DURI UTARA

Urban society has a high level stress. The daily routine beet home (first place) and at the workolace (second place) is a stress trigger. There is a gap to fill between first place and second place. So third place is a place for escape between first place and second place. At that place people will release the stress and fill it with conversation and activities. A open architecture try to present the third place in it. It try to bring place for various activities that can change according to development. That place can use for various age from child and adult. This project use observation approach and study of literature. See what happening on the field. Contextualities applied in this project, made building harmony and appear polite with surrounding. The project raised issue on the field. In release the stress used acitivies that use natural media methods. The natural media used is plant. According to research by doing activities related with plants such as planting, caring, or harvesting can reduce the level of stress in the soul. Creative activities that can be enjoyed by various ages, in childern to adult range. More creative interactions have been implemented in the project of plant-based educational and entertainment facilities in Duri Utara. Keywords: plant; stress; third place AbstrakMasyarakat kota memiliki tingkat stres yang tinggi. Rutinitas sehari-hari antara di rumah (first place) dan di tempat kerja (second place) merupakan faktor pemicu stres. Antara rumah sebagai first place dan tempat kerja atau sekolah sebagai second place ada celah untuk mengisi di antara dua hal tersebut. Maka hadirlah third place sebagai tempat pelarian antara first place dan second place. Ditempat itu sesorang akan datang untuk melepas stres dengan mengisinya dengan pembicaraan dan kegiatan. Sebuah arsitektur yang terbuka (open architecture) berusaha menghadirkan tempat ketiga (third place) di dalamnya. Hal itu mencoba menghadirkan sebuah wadah dengan beragam aktivitas yang dapat berganti sesuai perkebangannya. Wadah tersebut juga dapat digunakan oleh beragam usia dari anak-anak sampai dewasa. Proyek ini menggunakan pendekatan observasi dan studi literatur. Melihat langsung apa yang terjadi dilapangan. Kontekstualitas diterapkan dalam proyek untuk membuat bangunan yang selaras dan tampak sopan dengan sekitarnya. Proyek diangkat permasalahan yang ada di daerah perancangan. Dalam menghilangkan stres digunakan metode kegiatan yang menggunakan media alam. Media alam yang digunakan adalah tanaman. Menurut penelitian dengan melakukan kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan tanaman seperti menanam, merawat, atau memanen dapat mengurangi tingkat stres dalam jiwa. Kegiatan yang bersifat kreativitas yang dapat dinikmati oleh beragam kalangan usia, mulai dari anak-anak sampai dewasa. Interaksi yang lebih kreatif coba di terapkan dalam proyek fasilitas edukasi dan hiburan berbasis tanaman di Duri Utara.

Penggunaan Media Alamiah Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas 4

Understanding of the material in science subjects class 4 at MIMA Karangpucung is currently only theoretical and only sees pictures. Therefore students are not easy to understand the learning of the theory. So that student learning outcomes decline or are not satisfactory. So it requires the use of natural media that can be found in the environment around Madrasas. The goal is to be able to revive the spirit of students in the process of learning Natural Sciences. The results of the study are expected for the teacher to be able to develop knowledge and skills and arouse self-confidence so that they will always be excited and eager to improve their learning. For students to improve understanding in absorbing the material being studied so that the learning process and outcomes will be further improved. For schools it is useful to assist schools in creating quality educational institutions that will become a model or model for schools, teachers who are professionally experienced and are trusted by parents, the community and the government

Implementasi Outdoor Learning: Upaya Menanamkan Nilai-nilai Keislaman Siswa SDIT Cahaya Rabbani Kepahiang

The main objective of Islamic learning is the inculcation of religious values ​​into each student. Such values ​​must be embedded by teachers as early as possible, and this act is the hope of all students’ parents at SDIT Rabbani Kepahiang. Thus, the teachers in this learningal institution make hard efforts with various innovations in implementing learning and learning to achieve the Islamic learning goals as well as the expectation of students’ parents. One of the efforts made is the implementation of outdoor learning. This study sought to find the answers about the portrayal of the outdoor learning implementation by using a qualitative approach. The current study found out that the outdoor model was more oriented towards involving students in more actively studying the materials by deploying the surrounding natural media. Through this learning model, students could immediately make real observations so that the lessons given by the teachers could be directly practiced by students. Tujuan utama pendidikan Islam adalah penanaman nilai-nilai agama pada setiap peserta didik. Nilai-nilai tersebut harus ditanamkan oleh guru sedini mungkin dan ini merupakan harapan seluruh wali siswa di SDIT Rabbani Kepahiang. Sehingga para guru di lembaga pendidikan tersebut berusaha keras dengan berbagai inovasi dalam melaksanakan pendidikan dan pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan Islam dan sekaligus harapan wali siswa. Upaya yang dilakukan salah satunya adalah menerapkan pembelajaran outdoor. Studi ini ingin menemukan jawaban tentang gambaran pelaksanaan pembelajaran outdoor tersebut dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan gambaran bahwa model outdoor lebih banyak melibatkan siswa untuk berperan aktif dalam menelaah materi dengan media alam sekitarnya. Melalui model pembelajaran tersebut siswa dapat langsung melihat dengan nyata, sehingga pelajaran yang diberi oleh guru dapat langsung dipraktekkan oleh peserta didik.