Setting up measuring campaigns for integrated wastewater modelling

The steps of calibration/confirmation of models in a suggested 11-step procedure for analysis, planning and implementation of integrated urban wastewater management systems is focused upon in this paper. Based on ample experience obtained in comprehensive investigations throughout Europe recommendations have been formulated for design of measuring campaigns. The inclusion of iteration in the overall planning of measuring campaigns is advised and the use of preliminary sensitivity analysis is shown to allow maximisation of information retrieval from experimental efforts. Case studies covering problems related to suspended solids, specific contaminants, hygienic hazards and total pollutant loss illustrate the recommendations presented.

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Characterisation of septage in partially sealed cesspit

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2016.208 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 631-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nezar Al-Atawneh ◽

Nidal Mahmoud ◽

Peter van der Steen ◽

Piet N. L. Lens

Keyword(s):

Suspended Solids ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Suspended Solids ◽

Biological Oxygen Demand ◽

Management Systems ◽

Wastewater Management ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Percentage Removal ◽

Pollution Loads ◽

Raw Wastewater

The alteration of wastewater from an individual home under anaerobic conditions in a partially sealed cesspit over the filling period of four months, and the pollution fluxes were assessed. The septage was much more concentrated than raw wastewater. A mass balance found percentage (%) removal rates for biological oxygen demand (BOD5, 78%), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 62%), total nitrogen (TN, 52%), PO43−-P (67%) and total suspended solids (TSS, 69%). The percentage (%) pollution loads of emptied septage were BOD5 (22%), COD (38%), TN (48%), PO43−-P (33%) and TSS (31%). The heavy metal content in septage was not complying with regulations for wadi disposal and effluent reuse in agriculture. Most of the TN removed, equal to 52% of the TN load to the cesspit, will most likely have infiltrated into the surrounding soil, and might reach the groundwater. Therefore, cesspits that are widely applied should be urgently replaced by proper on-site or off-site wastewater management systems.

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Developing Objective Sensitivity Analysis of Periodic Systems: Case Studies of Biological Oscillators

ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1004.2012.01065 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bao-Yun LU ◽

Hong YUE

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Case Studies ◽

Periodic Systems ◽

Biological Oscillators

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Sensitivity analysis and optimization in simulation: design of experiments and case studies

Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings, 1995. ◽

10.1109/wsc.1995.478715 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.P.C. Kleijnen

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Design Of Experiments ◽

Case Studies ◽

Simulation Design

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The use of thesauri in online retrieval

Journal of Information Science ◽

10.1177/016555158400800204 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 63-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C.P.R. Dubois

Keyword(s):

Information Retrieval ◽

Data Base ◽

Case Studies ◽

Controlled Vocabulary ◽

Free Text ◽

Data Bases ◽

Online Data ◽

Controlled Vocabularies ◽

Semantic Maps ◽

Actual Use

The controlled vocabulary versus the free text approach to information retrieval is reviewed from the mid 1960s to the early 1980s. The dominance of the free text approach following the Cranfield tests is increasingly coming into question as a result of tests on existing online data bases and case studies. This is supported by two case studies on the Coffeeline data base. The differences and values of the two approaches are explored considering thesauri as semantic maps. It is suggested that the most appropriate evaluatory technique for indexing languages is to study the actual use made of various techniques in a wide variety of search environments. Such research is becoming more urgent. Economic and other reasons for the scarcity of online thesauri are reviewed and suggestions are made for methods to secure revenue from thesaurus display facilities. Finally, the promising outlook for renewed develop ment of controlled vocabularies with more effective online display techniques is mentioned, although such development must be based on firm research of user behaviour and needs.

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