The effect of chlorination of estrogenic chemicals on the level of serum vitellogenin of Japanese Medaka (oryzias latipes)

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tabata ◽  
N. Miyamoto ◽  
Y. Ohnishi ◽  
M. Itoh ◽  
T. Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Estrogenic Chemicals ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Relative Potencies ◽  
Somatic Index ◽  
Vitellogenin Concentration

Mature male medaka were continually exposed to four chemicals, p-n-nonylphenol (p-n-NP), p-nonylphenol (p-NP), bisphenol-A (BPA) and 17b-estradiol (E2) to evaluate their estrogenic activities in the laboratory. In order to understand the effect of the chlorination that is applied widely in water and waste-water treatment, the above chemicals were chlorinated and then exposed to mature male medaka. Furthermore, in the case of vitellogenin, a is a female specific protein induced by the exposure to test waters containing the above chemicals after 5 weeks, medaka was returned to uncontaminated tap water to determine whether male medaka have a self recovery function from the effect of estrogenic chemicals. Much greater vitellogenin compared to the background levels were induced in the male medaka by separate exposure to 100 μg/L of p-NP, 1,000 μg/L of BPA and 0.05 μg/L of E2. The levels of vitellogenin increased with increasing exposure periods. The relative potencies of these chemicals descended in the order of E2 >> p-NP> BPA. Vitellogenin levels inducible by these chemicals were drastically reduced as a result of the chlorination for 24 hours. However, a moderate increase in hepatocyte somatic index (HSI) meant the hepatic fatness was observed as a result of chlorination. It is not clear at this stage whether or not the formation of chlorination by-products is responsible for this moderate increase in HSI. The vitellogenin concentration of male medaka exposed to chemicals for 5 weeks decreased gradually after return to the uncontaminated water. However, the vitellogenin concentration did not return to the initial normal levels even after 5 weeks. A clear relationship between the serum vitellogenin concentration and the hepatic vitellogenin concentration was also found. Since quantitative analytical procedures for hepatic vitellogenin are easier than those of the serum vitellogenin, measuring the estrogenic effect using the measurement of vitellogenin in liver is recommended.

Estrogenic influences of estradiol-17b, p-nonylphenol and bis-phenol-A on Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) at detected environmental concentrations

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tabata ◽  
S. Kashiwada ◽  
Y. Ohnishi ◽  
H. Ishikawa ◽  
N. Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Japanese Medaka ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Environmental Estrogen ◽  
Environmental Concentrations ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Mature male medaka were continuously exposed to 0.005, 0.0–5 or 1.0 ppb of estradiol-17β (E2 or 0.1, 10 or 100 ppb of p-nonylphenol (NP) or bis-phenol-A (BPA). Female-specific proteins (Fsp) were induced in medaka exposed to 0.005 ppb of E2, 0.1 ppb of NP, or 10 ppb of BPA. Concentrations of 0.005 pbb of E2 and 0.1 ppb of NP corresponded to concentrations of these chemicals detected in river water in Japan. The abilities of the 3 chemicals to induce Fsp were E2> NP> BPA. Embryonic medaka were exposed to E2, NP and BPA under conditions of static-renewal for 200–230 days until pre-maturity. Survival ratios of medaka exposed to E2 and NP declined in concentrations more than 25 ppb and 50 ppb, respectively. The groups of medaka exposed to E2 had individuals with testis-ova or abnormal gonad. There was no male in exposure to 1.0 ppb E2. When exposed to 100 ppb of NP or BPA, abnormal gonad was also detected. Abnormal anal fin (female-like) was observed in male exposed to 100 ppb of NP. The LC50 values for each of the 3 chemicals were much higher than the concentrations detected in water in the environment—the 3 chemicals were considered to have no lethal effect on medaka in aquatic environments. However, exposures to E2 or NP at environmental concentrations induced Fsp. BPA also had the ability to affect medaka as an environmental estrogen, although its extrogenic activity was weaker than that of E2 or NP.

Anaerobic Waste Water Treatment in a Carrier Assisted Sludge Bed Reactor

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Martensson ◽  
B Frostell
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mechanical Mixer

A 40 1 tank reactor, filled to 3 % (v·v−1) with a small size (5-25µm) carrier material and equipped with a mechanical mixer, was used to create a sludge bed system for anaerobic waste water treatment. Solids leaving the tank with the effluent were recycled to the tank from an external settler. Two different substrates were used, fodder molasses diluted with tap water and beet sugar factory waste water. Influent concentrations were 9.3 g COD·1−1 and 4-7 g COD·1−1 respectively, and treatment was performed at 35-37 °C. With the synthetic molasses waste water, an organic load of 5-6 kg COD·m−3·d−1 could be tolerated, with the sugar industry waste water 25 kg COD·m−3·d−1. The difference in loading capacity was ascribed to different types of sludges formed, the molasses waste water resulting in a much more bulky sludge and a lower attainable volatile suspended solids concentration. It was concluded that much care must be exercised before designing sludge bed systems for high loads with unhydrolyzed waste waters.

SERUM PROTEIN CONCENTRATION AND SOMATIC INDEX IN RELATION TO MORPHOMETRIC MATURITY FOR MALE SNOW CRAB, CHIONOECETES OPILIO (O. FABRICIUS, 1788), IN THE BAIE DES CHALEURS, CANADA (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA)

Crustaceana ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Comeau ◽  
Marc Lanteigne ◽  
Roland Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Snow Crab ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Chionoecetes Opilio ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Snow Crabs ◽  
Somatic Index ◽  
Serum Protein Concentration

AbstractThe serum protein concentrations of juvenile and mature male snow crabs, Chionoecetes opilio, were measured using a refractometer. The somatic indices of juvenile and mature male snow crab were calculated using the weight of the dry flesh of the chelae versus its wet weight. Results indicate that juvenile male snow crab have significantly higher serum protein concentrations and significantly lower somatic indices than their mature counterparts. These observations are attributed to basic physiological differences that could be explained by a terminal moult. Les concentrations en proteines seriques de males juveniles et a maturite du crabe des neiges Chionoecetes opilio ont ete mesurees au moyen d'un refractometre. Les indices somatiques de ces individus ont ete calcules en utilisant le rapport entre le poids sec et le poids humide de la chair. Les resultats indiquent que les individus males juveniles ont des concentrations en proteines seriques significativement plus elevees et des indices somatiques significativement plus bas que les individus males matures. Ces observations sont attribuees a des differences physiologiques de base qui peuvent etre expliquees par une mue terminale.

Ontogenesis of a female specific protein from the locust, Schistocerca gregaria

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dufour ◽  
S.P. Taskar ◽  
J.M. Perron
Keyword(s):  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Female Specific

scholarly journals The Female-specific Protein (Vitellogenic Protein) in Crustacea with Particular Reference toOrchestic gammarella(Amphipoda)

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1212-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVON CROISILLE ◽  
HENRIETTE JUNERA ◽  
JEAN-JACQUES MEUSY ◽  
HÉLÈNE CHARNIAUX-COTTON
Keyword(s):  
Specific Protein ◽  
Female Specific
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