U UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK AIR LIMBAH KOKON ULAT SUTERA (Bombyx mori L.) SEBAGAI PELEMBAB

Salah-satu masalah kulit yang sering dikeluhkan oleh masyarakat adalah kulit kering. Pelembab dapat meningkatkan hidrasi kulit dan dapat berfungsi sebagai perawat tambahan dalam kondisi dermatologis. Protein kokon ulat sutera (Bombyx mori L.) terutama serisin telah diketahui memiliki efek sebagai pelembab kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak air limbah kokon ulat sutera sebagai pelembab yang diperoleh melalui teknik rebusan dan mengevaluasi keamanan penggunaannya terhadap efek iritasi pada kulit. Uji aktivitas dilakukan terhadap 15 sukarelawan yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok ekstrak kokon, kelompok gliserin (kontrol positif) dan kelompok tanpa perlakuan (kontrol negatif) dengan pengamatan pada menit ke-0 hingga menit ke-30 selama 7 hari. Hasil uji aktivitas kelembaban menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kokon dan gliserin dapat meningkatkan kelembaban kulit dengan nilai persentase kadar 44-53% untuk ekstrak kokon dan gliserin 52-54% serta kontrol negatif 33-40%. Ekstrak air limbah kokon ulat sutera yang diperoleh melalui teknik rebusan memiliki aktivitas sebagai pelembab kulit dan tidak menyebabkan reaksi iritasi kulit.

Products of Sericulture and Their Hypoglycemic Action Evaluated by Using the Silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), as a Model

Sericulture generates different natural products with potential medical applications. Silk peptides, worms, or even pupae are commonly employed in traditional Asian medicine with a wide variety of purposes, and some scientific work has been focused on their antidiabetic properties. This work evaluates the postprandial antihyperglycemic activity of fibroin, sericin, and powder made from either larvae or pupae of silkworms, and Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), employing the silkworm itself as an animal model. The results indicate a reduction in the glucose levels in hemolymph after sucrose or glucose-induced hyperglycemia when these products are included in the diet of the worms.

Detection of pebrine disease and Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (BmNPV) in silkworm moths (Bombyx mori. L)

Silkworm is an insect that can produce silk fiber at any step of life, one of them in the moth phase. There are still not many researchers who have researched pebrine and BmNPV disease detection in the moth phase. This research purpose was to find out pebrine and BmNPV disease detection on moth phase. This research was conducted from January 2021 to March 2021 with samples obtained from the Center for Social Forestry and Environmental Partnership, South Sulawesi in Bili-Bili, Gowa district. The data processing was done at the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Data analysis was done using the descriptive analysis method by looking at the primer amplification of Pebrine disease and BmNPV in the silkworm moth phase. The detection of pebrine disease ad BmNPV from the two primers showed that from 12 moths studied, none of the moths detected either pebrine disease or BmNPV disease.

Evaluation of Matured Larval Weight and Larval Duration of New Breeding Lines of Bombyx mori L

We planned to conduct this study with the main aim to develop bivoltine breeds for our tropical climatic conditions by using silkworm breeds with known genetic backgrounds (KA, NB18 and PM) in various hybrid combinations and incorporating them over generations, followed by backcrossing and adequate selection of different generations with the objective of profitability and productivity. The isolated Bivoltin lines (R1 and R2) were reared with their parental races at different times of the year to evaluate their stability in the expression of commercial traits. For the present breeding program, the purebred Bivoltine Kalimpong-A (KA), which spin white oval cocoons, New Bivoltine18 (NB18) white cocoons with rotating dumbbells and Multivoltine Pure Mysore (PM), the yellow pointed cocoons of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori L., Selected. One-way and three-way crosses were made using the above three breeds. The first single cross comprised KA females and PM males. The second unique cross comprised NB18 females and PM males. Selection was performed at the egg, larva, pupal, and cocoon stages over the course to determine the desired traits. The offspring of F from the respective crosses were backcrossed with their respective bivoltine males to improve commercial traits. Heterosis in the F1 generations of crosses, including NB18 and PM, was determined by the mean score of the parents (MPV) and the best score of the parents (BPV). A significant test for heterosis was performed using a standard ANOVA table. Based on the results of our study, it was found that the performance of the characters, viz. The weight of mature larvae and the duration of the larvae over generations do not simply increase or decrease regularly, but fluctuate irregularly. The reason for this variation may be due to random genetic drift, sampling errors in estimating generational means, selection pressures, and environmental factors. Therefore, inbreeding variations due to random drift and sampling errors could be reduced by increasing the number sampled and selected.

Genetic Determinacy of the Behavioral Activity of the Silkworm (Bomby xmori L)

Тhe behavioral activity of such an extremely important agricultural object in scientific and practical terms as the silkworm still remains poorly studied. Aims: Сreation of silkworm lines with alternative behaviors to prove the genetic determinacy of the behavioral activity of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Place and Duration of Study: The work was carried out at the Research Institute of Sericulture in the Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of the silkworm in 2015-2020. The Ipakchi 1 and Ipakchi 2 breeds widely zoned in Uzbekistan were used as research objects. Methodology and Results: The Ipakchi 1 and Ipakchi 2 breeds widely zoned in Uzbekistan were used as research objects. The breeding of alternative silkworm lines in terms of motor activity was carried out by selecting the most active caterpillars and male butterflies in the "A" -lines (active), and the least active individuals in the "P"-lines (passive). The separation of individuals by motor activity led to their separation by reproductive and biological indicators. The difference between the lines by the average number of eggs in the clutch of the Ipakchi 1 breed in 2018 was 32 eggs, in 2020 already 133 eggs; by the mass of the clutch in 2018 – 25mg, in 2020 – 78mg. The same patterns were observed in the Ipakchi 2 breed. The greatest difference between the "A" and "P" lines was observed in the viability of caterpillars: in 2018 it was 3.2%, in 2020 already 6.9%. Conclusions: Selection of hatched larvae (caterpillars) and male butterflies by the speed of movement to the feed (the larvae) and to the sexual partner (butterflies) leads to the appearance of silkworm lines with alternative forms of motor activity.

A Study on Evaluation of Alkaline and Acid Phosphatase Isozymes During Different Developmental Stages of New Breeding Lines and Races of Bombyx mori L

It is interesting to note that different silkworm races reared in laboratory offer an important testing ground for the application of biochemical methods to taxonomic problems. Moreover, there is scarcity of knowledge on enzyme studies in new breeding lines and races of silkworm specially Bombyx mori L. Therefore, we designed the present study with the main goal to evaluate the activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases quantitatively during different developmental stages of new breeding lines and races viz. Kalimpong-A (KA), B18, Pure Mysore (PM), evolved R1 and R2 of Bombyx mori L. Quantitative estimations of in alkaline and acid phosphatases were expressed in terms of enzyme activity. Alkaline and acid phosphatase activities during the different developmental stages of KA, NB18, PM, evolved R1 & R2 races were determined using Sodium-1 naphthahyl phosphate as a substrate following the dye-coupling method. The assay mixture included 2 ml of substrate and 0.2 ml of enzyme extract and incubation was made for 30 minutes at 25°c. The reaction was stopped by adding 2 ml of post coupling solution (5 parts of 4% sodium dodecyl sulphate and 2 parts of 0.2% Fast red TR salt) and colorimetric determination were made at 540 nm. Results illustrated that the activity of phosphatases was found to be different and high activity was found in the larval stage, which is feeding stage followed by pupae.