Modernization of Anaerobic Bioreactor for Waste Water Purification Plant

Analysis of literature sources suggests that the use of anaerobic treatment methods is especially effective for high concentrations of contaminants in wastewater, as well as for large volumes of water supplied for treatment, which is typical for industrial wastewater. In biotechnological production and food industry, waste water has a high level of pollution with organic compounds, it is advisable to use anaerobic treatment methods. Anaerobic wastewater treatment processes are characterized by low energy consumption and the ability to recover energy through the combustion of methane. To ensure the required temperature regime for the operation of the bioreactor, a new design of the heat exchange device of the anaerobic bioreactor with immobilized microorganisms has been developed. This design of the bioreactor can provide the required degree of wastewater purification at significantly lower costs for construction, operation, and material and energy resources. For clarity, the design features were designed bioreactor with a plane load of bundled software SOLIDWORKS and a mathematical model of the processes of anaerobic wastewater treatment.

Analysis of existing technologies for processing oil sludge into polymer additives for asphalt concrete

The article deals with the known information about the main type of oil industry waste – oil sludge. Existing methods and technologies of oil sludge processing into polymer additives for asphalt concrete are presented and analyzed. The main problems and shortcomings of the methods of oil sludge processing considered in the study are revealed.

On the Phytotoxicity of Waste-Water from Textile Industry on Selected Crop Seed Germination and its Treatment Using Bacteria with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Industrialization plays a major role for the economic development of any nation. In spite of various positive aspects of industrialization, the foremost negative aspect is pollution by discharge of more waste water in to the environment. So, the aim of the present work is to analyse the phytotoxic effect of textile industry waste water on seed germination and treating the waste water using Bacterial Species and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle. Physico-chemical parameters of dying industry waste water such as color, temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, COD, BOD, oil and greases, chloride, sodium, potassium, chromium, copper, total alkalinity and zinc were analysed as per standard methods. To confirm the harmfulness, an investigation was made to study the degree of toxicity of dyeing industry effluent on seed germination and growth of Sorghum bicolor (white sorghum) Vigna unguiculata (cow pea) were selected for this study and it was placed in soil containing pots and watering with untreated industry waste water and treated waste water. The waste water was treated by two methods, one by bacterial degradation, using Pseudomonas fluroscence and the secondly, by chemical oxidation, using zinc oxide nanoparticles. After treatment their efficiency was tested with above two plants. All the above said parameter were found to be high in untreated waste water. There was a gradual decrease in the percentage of seed germination and seedling growth due to higher concentration of effluent, when compared with control. In this comparative study, methyl orange degradation by the chemical oxidation using zinc oxide nanoparticle was more effective and faster than the biological oxidation of bacterial species.

A Review on Utilization Routes of the Leather Industry Biomass

The use of biomass to produce bioenergy and biomaterials is considered a sustainable alternative to depleting fossil fuel resources. The world tanneries consume 8–9 MT of skin and hide every year producing 1.4 MT of solid waste. Most of the solid biomass generated from tanneries is disposed of as waste in the environment using either landfilling or thermal incineration. Disposal of this waste into the environment affects the ecosystem, causing bad odor (air pollution) and has an antagonistic impact on the environment. Due to this, European Union legislation bans the landfilling of biomass. This study aims to comprehensively review the possible valorization routes of leather processing industry biomass into high-value biomaterials. Leather biomass (trimmings, shaving, splitting, and buffing dust) mainly contain 30%–35% collagen protein, which is produced by acid or alkali hydrolysis. The biopolymers obtained from leather industry biomass can be utilized in the production of several high-value materials. In addition, leather processing industry biomass also contains fat, which can be converted into a bio-surfactant, and other useful biomaterials. Keratin protein can also be extracted from the hair waste of hides and skins. The increased demand for biomaterials makes the using of leather industry biomass very attractive. From this study, it can be concluded that the conversions of leather processing industry waste to valuable biomaterial can protect the environment, generate additional income for leather industries, and pave way for sustainable and renewable biomaterials production.

Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of Functional Poly(Butylene Succinate) Films Modified with Curcumin and Carvacrol

The use of food industry waste as bioactive compounds in the modification of biodegradable films as food packaging remains a major challenge. This study describes the preparation and bioactivity characterization of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)-based films with the addition of the bioactive compounds curcumin (CUR) and carvacrol (CAR). Films based on PBS modified with curcumin and carvacrol at different concentration variations (0%/0.1%/1%) were prepared by solvent casting method. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties were investigated against bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (Candida albicans). As a result of the modification, the films exhibited free radicals scavenging (DPPH up to 91.47% and ABTS up to 99.21%), as well as antimicrobial (6 log, 4 log, and 2 log reductions for E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively, for samples modified with 1% CUR and 1% CAR) activity. Moreover, antibiofilm activity of modified materials was observed (8.22–87.91% reduction of biofilm, depending on bioactive compounds concentration). PBS films modified with curcumin and carvacrol with observed bifunctional properties have many potential applications as active packaging.

Research of the Structure and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Modified Clay

The article presents the properties of natural clay in Uzbekistan. The historical analysis of the use of this natural raw material is presented. Possibilities of changing the properties of clay by introducing synthetic fibers of light industry waste into it are considered. Calculations of the properties of clay with the introduction of various additives and the technology of its processing are given. It has been established that modification of clay with fibrous waste and subsequent heat treatment improves frost resistance, and water resistance of the material, these properties depend on the percentage of fiber content, heat treatment temperature and time of holding the material in the furnace.

HEAT-RESISTANT CONCRETE BASED ON ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID, WASTE OF NON-FERROUS METALLURGY AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Currently, as numerous studies show, raw natural resources are running out, so it is necessary to involve in the production turnover of industrial waste for the manufacture of heat-resistant concrete. At the same time, the costs of geological exploration, construction and operation of quarries are excluded, and significant land plots are freed from the impact of negative anthropogenic factors. Multi-tonnage waste of non-ferrous metallurgy-ferrite-calcium slag containing 50-51 % Fe2O3, was used as an iron-containing filler for the production of heat-resistant concretes. Ferrite-calcium slag is a man-made raw material (production waste) of processing copper-zinc concentrates, obtained by slow cooling of the material to complete scattering, light yellow in color and resembling fine sand. The trivalent iron oxide Fe2O3 contained in the slag reacts very slowly with orthophosphoric acid H3PO4 at normal temperature; therefore, it is necessary to heat the mixture to 70 °C, since its own heat is not released by the reaction. A, the ferrous iron oxide FeO contained in the slag, as well as Fe(OH)3 hydroxide, on the contrary, reacts with the acid vigorously, releasing a significant amount of heat, so the binder dough begins to set after 2 minutes at a temperature of 20 °C due to significant heat release. Chemical industry waste - the spent IM-2201 catalyst was used as an aluminum-containing raw material and is a fine powder with a specific surface area of up to 8000 cm2/g and a fire resistance of up to 2000 oС. Studies have shown that due to the use of orthophosphoric acid as a binder, it is possible to dispose of up to 80-90 % of non-ferrous metallurgy and chemical industry waste and at the same time obtain heat-resistant concretes with high physical and mechanical properties.