Adaptation and assessment of a text messaging smoking cessation intervention in Viet Nam: A pilot randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Nam Nguyen ◽  
Nina Siman ◽  
Charles M. Cleland ◽  
Trang Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND Text message (i.e., short message service, SMS) smoking cessation interventions have demonstrated efficacy in high-income countries, but are less well studied in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a fully-automated bidirectional SMS cessation intervention adapted for smokers in Viet Nam. METHODS We adapted the SMS library from two US-based SMS cessation programs. The adaptation process consisted of 7 focus groups to provide data on culturally relevant patterns of tobacco use and to assess message preferences, and a single-arm pilot test of a 6-week SMS intervention. We then conducted a two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial and randomized 100 smokers to receive either the 6-week SMS program (intervention arm; n=50) or weekly text assessment on smoking status (control arm; n=50). Surveys assessed engagement and acceptability at 6 weeks (end of intervention), and biochemically confirmed smoking abstinence at 6 and 12 weeks. Post-intervention in-depth interviews further explored user experiences and perceptions among participants in the intervention arm. RESULTS Participants in both arms reported high levels of program acceptability and engagement. Compared to the control arm, a higher proportion of participants in the intervention arm reported being satisfied with the program (98% vs. 82%). Biochemically verified abstinence was higher in the intervention arm at 6 weeks (20.0% vs. 2.0%; P=.01), but the effect was not significant at 12 weeks (12.0% vs. 6.0%; P=.49). Qualitative interviews suggested additional modifications to enhance the program including tailoring the timing of messages, adding more opportunities to interact with the program, and placing a greater emphasis on messages that described the harms of tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS The study supported the feasibility and acceptability of a SMS program adapted for Vietnamese smokers. Future studies are needed to assess whether, with additional modifications, the program is associated with prolonged abstinence. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03219541

scholarly journals A pilot randomized controlled trial of a tailored smoking cessation program for people living with HIV in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elexis C. Kierstead ◽  
Emily Harvey ◽  
Denisse Sanchez ◽  
Kimberly Horn ◽  
Lorien C. Abroms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Objective Morbidity and mortality from smoking-related diseases among people living with HIV (PLWH) in the U.S. surpasses that due to HIV itself. Conventional smoking cessation treatments have not demonstrated strong efficacy among PLWH. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a tailored smoking cessation intervention based on the minority stress model. We compared standard of care counseling (SOC) to a tailored intervention (TI) including one face-to-face counseling session incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy to build resilience, and 30 days of 2-way text messaging. Results The primary outcome was smoking cessation. Secondary outcomes included cigarettes per day (CPD), exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), and cessation self-efficacy. A total of 25 participants were enrolled (TI:11, SOC:14), and 2 were lost to follow-up. There were no significant differences in quit rates between study groups. However, there was a significantly greater decrease in CPD in the TI versus SOC (13.5 vs. 0.0, p-value:0.036). Additionally, self-efficacy increased in both groups (TI p-value:0.012, SOC p-value:0.049) and CO decreased in both groups (TI p-value: < 0.001, SOC p-value:0.049). This intervention shows promise to support smoking cessation among PLWH. A larger study is needed to fully evaluate the efficacy of this approach. Clinical trial: Trial Registration: Retrospectively registered (10/20/2020) NCT04594109.

scholarly journals Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Smoking Cessation App Designed for Individuals With Co-Occurring Tobacco Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1533-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Vilardaga ◽  
Javier Rizo ◽  
Paige E Palenski ◽  
Paolo Mannelli ◽  
Jason A Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Introduction High rates of tobacco use among people with serious mental illness (SMI), along with their unique needs, suggest the importance of developing tailored smoking cessation interventions for this group. Previous early-phase work empirically validated the design and content of Learn to Quit, a theory-based app designed for this population. Methods In a pilot randomized controlled trial, we compared the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Learn to Quit versus QuitGuide, an app designed for the general population. All participants received nicotine replacement therapy and technical assistance. Daily smokers with SMI (N = 62) participated in the trial with outcomes assessed at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. Results Compared to QuitGuide, Learn to Quit participants had similar number of days of app use (34 vs. 32, p = .754), but larger number of app interactions (335 vs. 205; p = .001), longer durations of app use (4.24 hrs. vs. 2.14 hrs; p = .044), and higher usability scores (85 vs. 79, p = .046). At week 16, Learn to Quit led to greater reductions in cigarettes per day (12.3 vs. 5.9 for QuitGuide; p = 0.10). Thirty-day point prevalence abstinence was verified in 12% of Learn to Quit participants versus 3% of QuitGuide participants (odds ratio = 3.86, confidence interval = 0.41 to 36, p = .239). Changes in psychiatric symptoms and adverse events were not clinically significant between conditions. Conclusions This pilot trial provides strong evidence of Learn to Quit’s usability, feasibility, and safety. Preliminary evidence suggests the app may be efficacious. A randomized controlled efficacy trial is needed to test the app in a larger sample of smokers with SMI. Implications This study suggests that the Learn to Quit app is a feasible approach to deliver smoking cessation treatment in patients with co-occurring tobacco use disorder and SMI. This means that, if found efficacious, this technology could be used to deploy smoking cessation treatment to larger segments of this population, hence improving public health. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial should be conducted to examine the efficacy of this digital intervention.

scholarly journals A Digital Smoking Cessation Program for Heavy Drinkers: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e7570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W Kahler ◽  
Amy M Cohn ◽  
Catherine Costantino ◽  
Benjamin A Toll ◽  
Nichea S Spillane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Heavy drinking (HD) is far more common among smokers compared with nonsmokers and interferes with successful smoking cessation. Alcohol-focused smoking cessation interventions delivered by counselors have shown promise, but digital versions of these interventions—which could have far greater population reach—have not yet been tested. Objective This pilot randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and effect sizes of an automated digital smoking cessation program that specifically addresses HD using an interactive web-based intervention with an optional text messaging component. Methods Participants (83/119, 69.7% female; 98/119, 82.4% white; mean age 38.0 years) were daily smokers recruited on the web from a free automated digital smoking cessation program (BecomeAnEX.org, EX) who met the criteria for HD: women drinking 8+ drinks/week or 4+ drinks on any day and men drinking 15+ drinks/week or 5+ drinks on any day. Participants were randomized to receive EX with standard content (EX-S) or an EX with additional content specific to HD (EX-HD). Outcomes were assessed by web-based surveys at 1 and 6 months. Results Participants reported high satisfaction with the website and the optional text messaging component. Total engagement with both EX-S and EX-HD was modest, with participants visiting the website a median of 2 times, and 52.9% of the participants enrolled to receive text messages. Participants in both the conditions showed substantial, significant reductions in drinking across 6 months of follow-up, with no condition effects observed. Although smoking outcomes tended to favor EX-HD, the condition effects were small and nonsignificant. A significantly smaller proportion of participants in EX-HD reported having a lapse back to smoking when drinking alcohol (7/58, 16%) compared with those in EX-S (18/61, 41%; χ21=6.2; P=.01). Conclusions This is the first trial to examine a digital smoking cessation program tailored to HD smokers. The results provide some initial evidence that delivering such a program is feasible and may reduce the risk of alcohol-involved smoking lapses. However, increasing engagement in this and other web-based interventions is a crucial challenge to address in future work. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03068611; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03068611

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