Student, Staff and Faculty Perspectives of Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence on Three Public University Campuses: The UC Speaks Up Protocol (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Intimate partner and sexual violence are pervasive public health issues on college and university campuses in the United States. Research is recommended for creating and maintaining effective, relevant and acceptable prevention programs and response services for student survivors. OBJECTIVE The UC Speaks Up study aims to examine factors contributing to intimate partner and sexual violence on three University of California (UC) campuses and use findings to develop and test interventions and policies to prevent violence, promote health, and lay the groundwork for subsequent, large-scale quantitative research. METHODS A mixed-methods study at UC Los Angeles, UC San Diego and UC Santa Barbara. Phase I (2017-2020) involved (1) a resource audit; (2) cultural consensus modeling of students’ perceptions of sexual consent; (3) in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with students to understand perceptions of campus environment related to experiences and prevention of, and responses to violence; and (4) IDIs with faculty, staff and community stakeholders to investigate institutional and community arrangements influencing students’ lives and experiences. Phase II (2020-ongoing) involves IDIs with student survivors to assess use and perceptions of campus/community services. Qualitative content analysis is used to generate substantive codes and sub-themes that emerge, using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS In January 2019 we conducted 149 free-listing interviews and 214 online surveys with undergraduate and graduate/professional students for the cultural consensus modeling. Between February and June 2019: 179 IDIs were conducted with 86 undergraduate students, 21 graduate and professional students, 34 staff members, 27 faculty members, and 11 community stakeholders; and 35 FGDs (27 with undergraduate and 8 with graduate/professional students) were conducted with 201 participants. Since September 2020, 8 of 30 planned student-survivor interviews have been conducted. Recruitment is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS Data analysis and phase II data collection is ongoing. Findings will be used to develop and test interventions for preventing violence and promoting health and well-being, and ensuring survivor services are relevant, acceptable to and meet the needs of all individuals in the campus community, including those who are typically understudied. Findings will also be used to prepare for rigorous, UC system-wide public health prevention research.

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Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34857/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Chilanga ◽

Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽

Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽

Liam Riley

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Young Children ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Controlling Behavior

Abstract Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a pervasive and significant public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV perpetrated by the current or recent partner against mothers of children under five years of age in rural Malawi.Methods: A multistage cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. Results: The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P<0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P<0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P<0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P<0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes.Conclusion: This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers in rural Malawi compared to the national prevalence. Programs aimed at reducing the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are recommended. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help mitigate IPV against mothers.

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Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34857/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Chilanga ◽

Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽

Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽

Liam Riley

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Young Children ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Controlling Behavior

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi.Methods A multistage, cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. Results Overall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P = 0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes. Conclusion This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help undermine IPV against mothers.

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Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in Central Malawi

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09910-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Chilanga ◽

Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽

Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽

Liam Riley

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Young Children ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Controlling Behavior

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi. Methods A multistage, cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO’s Violence against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. Results Overall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7, 49.4, 43.7 and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59–8.55, P = 0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486–3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48–3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17–3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 min drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 min. Conclusion This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help undermine IPV against mothers.

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Student, Staff and Faculty Perspectives of Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence on Three Public University Campuses: The UC Speaks Up Protocol and Preliminary Results (Preprint)

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/31189 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Wagman ◽

Claire Amabile ◽

Stephanie Sumstine ◽

Eunhee Park ◽

Sabrina Boyce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Public University ◽

Faculty Perspectives ◽

University Campuses ◽

Preliminary Results

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Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34857/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Chilanga ◽

Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽

Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽

Liam Riley

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Young Children ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Controlling Behavior

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Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34857/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Chilanga ◽

Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽

Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽

Liam Riley

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Young Children ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Controlling Behavior

Abstract BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi.MethodsA multistage, cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers.ResultsOverall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P = 0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes.ConclusionThis study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help undermine IPV against mothers.

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Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34857/v5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Chilanga ◽

Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽

Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽

Liam Riley

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Young Children ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Controlling Behavior

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi.Methods A multistage, cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. ResultsOverall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P = 0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes. Conclusion This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help undermine IPV against mothers.

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