scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Chilanga ◽  
Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽  
Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Liam Riley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Controlling Behavior

Abstract Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a pervasive and significant public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV perpetrated by the current or recent partner against mothers of children under five years of age in rural Malawi.Methods: A multistage cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. Results: The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P<0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P<0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P<0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P<0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes.Conclusion: This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers in rural Malawi compared to the national prevalence. Programs aimed at reducing the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are recommended. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help mitigate IPV against mothers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Chilanga ◽  
Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽  
Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Liam Riley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Controlling Behavior

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi.Methods A multistage, cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. Results Overall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P = 0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes. Conclusion This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help undermine IPV against mothers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in Central Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Chilanga ◽  
Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽  
Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Liam Riley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Controlling Behavior

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi. Methods A multistage, cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO’s Violence against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. Results Overall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7, 49.4, 43.7 and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59–8.55, P = 0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486–3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48–3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17–3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 min drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 min. Conclusion This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help undermine IPV against mothers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Chilanga ◽  
Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽  
Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Liam Riley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Controlling Behavior

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi.Methods A multistage, cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. Results Overall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P = 0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes. Conclusion This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help undermine IPV against mothers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Chilanga ◽  
Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽  
Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Liam Riley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Controlling Behavior

Abstract BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi.MethodsA multistage, cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers.ResultsOverall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P = 0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes.ConclusionThis study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help undermine IPV against mothers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Chilanga ◽  
Delphine Collin-Vezina ◽  
Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Liam Riley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Controlling Behavior

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi.Methods A multistage, cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. ResultsOverall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P = 0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes. Conclusion This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help undermine IPV against mothers.

scholarly journals Previous experience of family violence and intimate partner violence in pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Bernarda Ludermir ◽  
Thália Velho Barreto de Araújo ◽  
Sandra Alves Valongueiro ◽  
Maria Luísa Corrêa Muniz ◽  
Elisabete Pereira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The Family ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE To estimate differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. METHODS A nested case-control study was carried out within a cohort study with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18–49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Strategy of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The cases were the 233 women who reported intimate partner violence in pregnancy and the controls were the 499 women who did not report it. Partner violence in pregnancy and previous experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were modeled to identify differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. RESULTS Having seen the mother suffer intimate partner violence was associated with physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.62; 95%CI 1.89–3.63) and in adolescence (OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.01–2.13), sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.28; 95%CI 1.68–6.38) and intimate partner violence during pregnancy (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01 – 2.12). The intimate partner violence during pregnancy was frequent in women who reported more episodes of physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.08; 95%CI 1.43–3.02) and adolescence (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.07–2.47), who suffered sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.92; 95%CI 1.86–8.27), and who perpetrated violence against the partner (OR = 8.67; 95%CI 4.57–16.45). CONCLUSIONS Experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members emerge as strong risk factors for intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Identifying and understanding protective and risk factors for the emergence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and its maintenance may help policymakers and health service managers to develop intervention strategies.

scholarly journals The magnitude of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Eldoret, Kenya: exigency for policy action

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i7-i18
Author(s):  
Loice Luhumyo ◽  
Emily Mwaliko ◽  
Philliph Tonui ◽  
Amos Getanda ◽  
Katrina Hann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Western Kenya

Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) is sexual, psychological and physical coercive acts used against persons by intimate partners. When IPV occurs during pregnancy (IPVp), it can result in adverse maternal and pregnancy outcomes. No policy nor practice direction exists to address the rates and risk factors of IPVp in Kenya. Determining the prevalence, types and determinants of IPVp in Western Kenya would aid in the identification of pregnant women affected by and/or at risk of IPVp, as well as informing the development of policy, practices and programmes to support preventive interventions. In this cross-sectional study of 369 women who had given birth at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, participants were recruited using systematic sampling and data collected via structured questionnaires adopted from the WHO Violence Against Women Instrument. Associations were made in relation to physical or sexual violence and psychological violence. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between determinants and occurrence of IPVp. The overall prevalence of IPVp was 34.1%. Prevalence of physical or sexual violence was 22.8%. Psychological violence emerged as the most common (27.4%) form of IPVp. A lower than tertiary level of education and previous experience of IPV were individually associated with physical/sexual IPVp, whereas psychological IPVp was associated with previous experience of IPV and was prevented by the intimate partner having formal employment. Preterm birth rates were found to be higher than the country’s rates. The prevalence rates of IPVp are high in Western Kenya. Strategies that address the promotion of respectful, nonviolent relationships and that interrupt the development of risk factors are required. Policies (clinical guidelines) targeting prevention of IPVp and screening and the identification of at-risk women and survivors of IPVp are needed urgently. Primary prevention through interrupting the occurrence of predisposing factors is key in addressing IPVp.

Intimate Partner Violence in Kathmandu Valley: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Manusha Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health phenomenon. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence and associated risk factors of intimate partner violence in Kathmandu valley. For this study, the data had come from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2016. Study has confined 162 married women from three districts of Kathmandu valley. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were applied to examine the association between variables. Results found that more than a quarter (27%) women had faced at least one form of violence and education is significant variable for both women and husbands. Therefore, national attention should stand towards education for both women and their husbands to mitigate IPV.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence and Depression in Women in China

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiman Yuan ◽  
Therese Hesketh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a major public health and social problem globally, with consequences for the individual, family, and society. But there is relatively little research on IPV in China. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different types of violence among women and to determine the risk factors and the association with depression. A cross-sectional study among women who had ever been in a relationship was conducted in six provinces across the three regions of China from July to September 2018 using a self-completion questionnaire developed for the study. The provincial capital and one rural county were purposively selected in each province. Questionnaires were distributed in hospitals and public places. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depression. Data for 2,987 women were analyzed. The prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence was 77.7%, 40.2%, and 11%, respectively: 52% had experienced two or three types of violence in their life. After adjustment, risk factors for all-type IPV were low occupational status, having one child or more, living in western provinces, having an income lower than partner’s, and economic pressure. The prevalence of depression was 65.8% in women who experienced psychological violence, 69.5% for physical violence, and 75.8% for sexual violence. For psychological, physical, and sexual violence, the odds ratio for depression were 2.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.15, 3.07]), 2.07 [1.76, 2.43], and 2.26 [1.73, 2.95], respectively, after controlling for age, occupation, education attainment, and residence. There is a clear need to raise awareness about IPV and to develop approaches for prevention and management. The new Domestic Violence Law represents a step in the right direction.

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