KLASIFIKASI DAN FUNGSI PERIBAHASA DALAM MASYARAKAT BANJAR The Classification and Functional of Banjarese’s Proverb.

This study aims to a) describe the classification of Banjar proverbs based on S. Keyzer; and b) describe the function of proverbs in Banjar society. This research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection using SBLC technique and recording technique. The data are in the form of Banjarese proverbs or expressions contained in the book Paribasa Urang by Syamsiar Semar. The data is processed by being classified based on the S. Keyzer grouping. The results showed that based on S. Keyzer's classification, Banjar proverbs were classified as: a) animal proverbs; b) group of plant proverbs; c) group of human proverbs; d) group of kinship proverbs; e) group of body function proverbs; 2) The functions of Banjar proverbs include 1) a mirror or projection of the owner's imagination, 2) a tool for ratifying the institutions of cultural institutions, 3) an educational tool, and 4) a means of suppressing or forcing the implementation of community values (means of social pressure), and controlling behavior. community (exercion social control).Key words: proverbs, education, values

Partner Involvement in Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

Researchers have recognized the role of social environment in diabetes management, with substantial attention directed toward spouses or romantic partners of people with diabetes. However, the specific ways in which partners are involved have not been articulated. This study, which included 207 couples in which one person was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, used a mixed-methods approach to assess types of partner involvement in diabetes management. First, different types of partner involvement were qualitatively identified from audiotaped interviews, and links between qualitative findings and demographics were examined. Next, qualitative codes were compared to quantitative measures of partner involvement. Finally, relations of qualitative codes to relationship quality and diabetes outcomes were assessed. Qualitative analyses identified three ways in which partners were involved in diabetes management (support provision, collaboration, and controlling behavior) and two ways in which they were not involved (independent coping and disengagement on the part of the person with diabetes). Participants with diabetes perceived less partner involvement than their partners. Comparisons with quantitative measures revealed that collaboration was distinct from partner support. Reports from participants with diabetes of collaboration, but not partner support, were connected to higher relationship quality and lower A1C, whereas partner reports of collaboration were related to better self-care. Diabetes disengagement was associated with poorer relationship and behavioral outcomes. These findings underscore the varied ways in which partners are and are not involved in diabetes management and suggest that collaboration is more beneficial than social support in terms of relationship quality and diabetes outcomes.

Partner Involvement in Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

Researchers have recognized the role of social environment in diabetes management, with substantial attention directed toward spouses or romantic partners of people with diabetes. However, the specific ways in which partners are involved have not been articulated. This study, which included 207 couples in which one person was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, used a mixed-methods approach to assess types of partner involvement in diabetes management. First, different types of partner involvement were qualitatively identified from audiotaped interviews, and links between qualitative findings and demographics were examined. Next, qualitative codes were compared to quantitative measures of partner involvement. Finally, relations of qualitative codes to relationship quality and diabetes outcomes were assessed. Qualitative analyses identified three ways in which partners were involved in diabetes management (support provision, collaboration, and controlling behavior) and two ways in which they were not involved (independent coping and disengagement on the part of the person with diabetes). Participants with diabetes perceived less partner involvement than their partners. Comparisons with quantitative measures revealed that collaboration was distinct from partner support. Reports from participants with diabetes of collaboration, but not partner support, were connected to higher relationship quality and lower A1C, whereas partner reports of collaboration were related to better self-care. Diabetes disengagement was associated with poorer relationship and behavioral outcomes. These findings underscore the varied ways in which partners are and are not involved in diabetes management and suggest that collaboration is more beneficial than social support in terms of relationship quality and diabetes outcomes.

Intimate Partner Violence among Sample of Married Women Attending Primary Health Care Center in Al-Russafa Sector, 2018

Background: Violence against women is a universal phenomenon that persists in all countries of the world. It’s not limited to cultural, geographic, religious, social, economic or national boundaries. therfore aimed of study was Explore the prevalence of IPV against married women attending the primary health care centers (PHCs) of Al Ressafa Sector. Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytic component was carried out on total of 200 women attending in the PHCCs in Al Ressafa Sector during period March- June 2018. A modified version of WHO domestic violence questionnaire was used for the direct interview in this study. All married women attended the PHCCs and meeting the eligibility criteria were informed about the purpose of the study. Results: Out of the total sample (200) the results demonstrated that the overall prevalence of violence was (80%); the emotional violence is the most frequent type of domestic violence followed by controlling behavior type (43.5%), physical violence (36.5%), economic violence (30%), and sexual violence (18%). Conclusions: The majority of women were victims of IPV, and most common type was the emotional violence, followed by controlling behavior. The high rate of IPV need for enacting & enforcing a national law to combat domestic violence & screening primary health setting to identify victims of IPV in order to prevent these abuses & associated unnecessary physical & mental disability.

Students’ low proficiency in spoken English in private universities in Bangladesh: reasons and remedies

Students of private universities in Bangladesh are often found to be less competent in spoken English. Since the universities have adopted EMI (English medium instruction) policy, the prevailing linguistic condition on the campus is an “English only environment.” In this context, students are required to communicate in English both inside and outside their classroom, but they desperately struggle to cope with this environment. This study attempted to understand and explain this problem; hence, it set three aims: to evaluate students’ current level of proficiency in spoken English, to investigate the reasons, and to offer remedies. Initially, selected students were given an IELTS-style speaking test in order to determine the overall proficiency in spoken English. Then, involving teachers and students, semistructured email interviews were conducted. The findings report that students’ current level of proficiency is around IELTS band score 5. Reasons for low development of spoken English among students include complex nature of speaking, inappropriate application of instructional methods, teachers’ low proficiency in spoken English and controlling behavior, students’ psychological factors, sociocultural factors, students’ inadequate linguistic resources, L1 interference, and large class size. Remedies suggested by the participants entail integrating TBL (task-based learning) and CL (cooperative learning) teaching-learning, making students aware of noticing, learning speaking through listening, teaching collocations, promoting self-regulated learning, and strengthening teacher education. The reasons investigated and the remedies explored have significant implications that might guide the members of the operating trusts of the private universities, members of the curriculum development and revision committees, and the practitioners to adopt practical approaches to ensure effective learning of spoken English by the students.

A Kiosk Station for the Assessment of Multiple Cognitive Domains and Cognitive Enrichment of Monkeys

Nonhuman primates (NHP’s) are self-motivated to perform cognitive tasks on touchscreens in their animal housing setting. To leverage this ability, fully integrated hardware and software solutions are needed that work within housing and husbandry routines while also spanning cognitive task constructs of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Here, we detail such an integrated robust hardware and software solution for running cognitive tasks in cage-housed NHP’s with a cage-mounted Kiosk Station (KS-1). KS-1 consists of a frame for mounting flexibly on housing cages, a touchscreen animal interface with mounts for receptables, reward pumps, and cameras, and a compact computer cabinet with an interface for controlling behavior. Behavioral control is achieved with a Unity3D program that is virtual-reality capable, allowing semi-naturalistic visual tasks to assess multiple cognitive domains.KS-1 is fully integrated into the regular housing routines of monkeys. A single person can operate multiple KS-1’s. Monkeys engage with KS-1 at high motivation and cognitive performance levels at high intra-individual consistency. KS-1 is optimized for flexible mounting onto standard apartment cage systems and provides a new design variation complementing existing cage-mounted touchscreen systems. KS-1 has a robust animal interface with options for gaze/reach monitoring. It has an integrated user interface for controlling multiple cognitive tasks using a common naturalistic object space designed to enhance task engagement. All custom KS-1 components are open-sourced.In summary, KS-1 is a versatile new tool for cognitive profiling and cognitive enrichment of cage-housed monkeys. It reliably measures multiple cognitive domains which promises to advance our understanding of animal cognition, inter-individual differences, and underlying neurobiology in refined, ethologically meaningful behavioral foraging contexts.

A vibrissa pathway that activates the limbic system

Vibrissa sensory inputs play a central role in driving rodent behavior. These inputs transit through the sensory trigeminal nuclei, which give rise to the ascending lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways. While lemniscal projections are somatotopically mapped from brain stem to cortex, those of the paralemniscal pathway are more widely distributed. Yet the extent and topography of paralemniscal projections are unknown, along with the potential role of these projections in controlling behavior. Here we used viral tracers to map paralemniscal projections. We find that this pathway broadcasts vibrissa-based sensory signals to brain stem regions that are involved in the regulation of autonomic functions and to forebrain regions that are involved in the expression of emotional reactions. We further provide evidence that GABAergic cells of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus gate trigeminal sensory input in the paralemniscal pathway via a mechanism of presynaptic or extrasynaptic inhibition.

The Imperative Power of Election Law on Money Politics

lection rules have been regulated in Law no. 7 of 2017 where this rule contains imperative norms. The imperative norm talks about the rules that prohibit the practice of money politics during the electoral process. A rule is made to implement the function of controlling behavior in social and political life, when the rules are violated, the perpetrator will face legal proceedings and receive appropriate sanctions. Money politics and elections in Indonesia are commonplace for all people and are even considered to be cultured and inseparable. This research was made with the aim of reviewing imperative norms in the implementation of ineffective elections in preventing money politics practices. This study uses a qualitative research approach with triangulation technique analysis. From this study the authors found that the power of normative law in election activities in Indonesia is still relatively weak and a number of political practices continue to occur so that they can tarnish the democratic process.