scholarly journals A portable instrument with disposable cells for in-situ measurements of viscosity in liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Grossi ◽  
Bruno Riccò
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Metalworking Fluids ◽  
Portable Instrument ◽  
Electronic Board ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Physical Principles

Viscosity is a very important property of liquids and its measure is mandatory for quality analysis in different industrial fields, such as food, paints, petroleum based products and cosmetics. Different types of viscometers exist that can measure fluids’ viscosity with high accuracy exploiting different physical principles, however these instruments are generally laboratory based and not suitable for quick in-situ measurements by untrained personnel.In this paper a portable instrument for in-situ measurement of liquids’ viscosity is presented. The instrument is based on the falling ball principle and features a battery operated electronic board, an LCD display and a disposable cell for measurements on samples for which cleaning would be difficult and time consuming. The instrument has been successfully tested by measuring the viscosity of tap water in the temperature range 15° - 45 °C and the viscosity of metalworking fluids in order to estimate oil concentration.

scholarly journals A portable instrument with disposable cells for in-situ measurements of viscosity in liquids

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Grossi ◽  
Bruno Riccò
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Metalworking Fluids ◽  
Portable Instrument ◽  
Electronic Board ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Physical Principles

Viscosity is a very important property of liquids and its measure is mandatory for quality analysis in different industrial fields, such as food, paints, petroleum based products and cosmetics. Different types of viscometers exist that can measure fluids’ viscosity with high accuracy exploiting different physical principles, however these instruments are generally laboratory based and not suitable for quick in-situ measurements by untrained personnel.In this paper a portable instrument for in-situ measurement of liquids’ viscosity is presented. The instrument is based on the falling ball principle and features a battery operated electronic board, an LCD display and a disposable cell for measurements on samples for which cleaning would be difficult and time consuming. The instrument has been successfully tested by measuring the viscosity of tap water in the temperature range 15° - 45 °C and the viscosity of metalworking fluids in order to estimate oil concentration.

Pb Electrodeposition in the Presence of Chlorine Ions on Cu(100): An in Situ Optical Reflectivity Difference Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gray ◽  
W. Schwarzacher ◽  
X.D. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Oblique Incidence ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Bulk Phase ◽  
Phase Layer ◽  
Optical Reflectivity ◽  
Scan Rate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chlorine Ions ◽  
High Overpotentials

AbstractWe studied the initial stages of the electrodeposition of Pb in the presence of chlorine ions on Cu(100), using an oblique-incidence optical reflectivity difference (OIRD) technique. The OI-RD results reveal that immediately following the underpotential deposition (UPD) of the first Pb monolayer, two different types of bulk-phase films grow depending upon the magnitude of overpotential and cyclic voltammetry (CV) scan rate. At low overpotentials and/or slow scan rates, we propose that a bulk-phase Pb film grows on top of the UPD monolayer. At high overpotentials and/or fast scan rates, either a PbO, PbCl2, or a rough Pb bulk-phase layer grows on top of the UPD layer such that the reflectivity difference signal from such a film has an opposite sign.

The Carbon:²³⁴Thorium ratios of sinking particles in the California Current Ecosystem 2: Examination of a thorium sorption, desorption, and particle transport model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stukel ◽  
Thomas Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Particulate Organic Carbon ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
California Current ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Sinking Particles ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration

Thorium-234 (234Th) is a powerful tracer of particle dynamics and the biological pump in the surface ocean; however, variability in carbon:thorium ratios of sinking particles adds substantial uncertainty to estimates of organic carbon export. We coupled a mechanistic thorium sorption and desorption model to a one-dimensional particle sinking model that uses realistic particle settling velocity spectra. The model generates estimates of 238U-234Th disequilibrium, particulate organic carbon concentration, and the C:234Th ratio of sinking particles, which are then compared to in situ measurements from quasi-Lagrangian studies conducted on six cruises in the California Current Ecosystem. Broad patterns observed in in situ measurements, including decreasing C:234Th ratios with depth and a strong correlation between sinking C:234Th and the ratio of vertically-integrated particulate organic carbon (POC) to vertically-integrated total water column 234Th, were accurately recovered by models assuming either a power law distribution of sinking speeds or a double log normal distribution of sinking speeds. Simulations suggested that the observed decrease in C:234Th with depth may be driven by preferential remineralization of carbon by particle-attached microbes. However, an alternate model structure featuring complete consumption and/or disaggregation of particles by mesozooplankton (e.g. no preferential remineralization of carbon) was also able to simulate decreasing C:234Th with depth (although the decrease was weaker), driven by 234Th adsorption onto slowly sinking particles. Model results also suggest that during bloom decays C:234Th ratios of sinking particles should be higher than expected (based on contemporaneous water column POC), because high settling velocities minimize carbon remineralization during sinking.

Evaluation of reanalysis and satellite-based sea surface winds using in situ measurements from Chinese Antarctic Expeditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Ming LI ◽  
Qinghua YANG ◽  
Jiechen ZHAO ◽  
Lin ZHANG ◽  
Chunhua LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Winds ◽  
Sea Surface Winds

The effects of surcharged manholes on the travel time and dispersion of solutes in sewer systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Guymer ◽  
Rob O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Moment Method ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Time Change ◽  
Longitudinal Dispersion ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Sewer Systems

Previously, the design of sewer systems has been limited to studies of their hydraulic characteristics, in particular the ability of the system to convey the maximum discharge. Greater environmental awareness has necessitated that new designs, and some existing schemes, are assessed to determine the environmental load which the scheme will deliver to any downstream component. This paper describes a laboratory programme which has been designed to elucidate the effects of manholes on the longitudinal dispersion of solutes. A laboratory system is described, which allows in situ measurements to be taken of the concentration of a fluorescent solute tracer, both up- and down-stream of a surcharged manhole junction. Results are presented from a preliminary series of studies undertaken for a single manhole geometry over a range of discharges, with varying levels of surcharge. Results are presented showing the variation of travel time, change in second moment of the distribution and of a dispersion factor with surcharge, assuming a Taylor approach and determining the dispersion factor using a ‘change in moment’ method. The effect of the stored volume within the manhole is clearly evident. The limitations and the applicability of this approach are discussed.

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