The Screening models for antiepileptic drugs: A Review

Considering the prevalence of epilepsy and the problems associated with currently available antiepileptic drugs like side effects, resistance, safety issue and high cost, herbal medicine with fewer complications could be very appropriate alternative. Therefore in the present study, we have examined the antiepileptic properties of ethanolic extract of leaves in mice using maximal electroshock seizers (MES)test, Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), induced seizures, strychnine induced convulsion, Isoniazid-induced convulsions, Picrotoxin-induced convulsions, Kainic acid (KA) model etc.There is increased concern on agents for epilepsy disease modification and prevention. To solve these unmet needs, the research scientist must have a thorough knowledge of available animal models of epilepsy so that he can pick up the best model for his research. In this article, we are reviewing the diversity of animal models of epilepsy and their implications in antiepileptic drug discovery. Keywords: Epilepsy, animal model, seizures,

Download Full-text

Other Pharmacological Therapies: Investigational Antiepileptic Drugs, Animal Models of Epilepsy, Hormonal Therapy, Immunotherapy

Epilepsy Board Review ◽

10.1007/978-1-4939-6774-2_19 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 241-245

Author(s):

Bassel Abou-Khalil

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Hormonal Therapy ◽

Animal Models Of Epilepsy ◽

Models Of Epilepsy

Download Full-text

Do minocycline and other suppressors of microglia reactivity have a future in prevention or treatment of epilepsy?

Journal of Epileptology ◽

10.1515/joepi-2017-0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (1-2) ◽

pp. 9-20

Author(s):

Władysław Lasoń ◽

Joanna Ślusarczyk ◽

Magdalena Regulska ◽

Monika Leśkiewicz ◽

Agnieszka Basta-Kaim

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Glial Cells ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

The Other ◽

Primary Mechanism ◽

Other Hand ◽

Animal Models Of Epilepsy ◽

Models Of Epilepsy

SummaryIntroduction.An increasing body of evidence points to an important role of neuroinflammatory processes in the pathomechanism of epilepsy. This hypothesis is mainly supported by data showing an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and glia activation in animal models of epilepsy and in brain tissue of epileptic patients. On the other hand, less emphasis has been put on pharmacological verification of this hypothesis.Aim.The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on potential usefulness of microglia regulators and anti-inflammatory agents in designing antiepileptic/antiepileptogenic drugs, with the primary mechanism of action based on the inhibition of neuroinflammation.Methods.We reviewed PubMed and MEDLINE databases to select publications in the topic: epilepsy, neuroinflammation, microglia and microglia regulators with antiepileptic properties. We searched the databases up to April 2017 with no date restrictions.Review and Discussion.In the present paper, we will discuss new concepts of epileptogenesis which focus not only on changes in neurons but also take into consideration the role of activation of glial cells: microglia and astrocytes. Neuroinflammation, mainly through increased production of pro-inflammatory factors such as cytokines or chemokines, may play an important role in the development of epilepsy. Drugs regulating glial cells activation and consequently inflammatory status in the central nervous system have beneficial effects in different animal models of epilepsy as well as in clinical study in patients. The most promising compound seems to be minocycline which in some studies has been shown to possess antiepileptogenetic action. On the other hand, some antiepileptic drugs exhibit marked anti-inflammatory potency.Conclusions.There are much data to suggest that there is significant opportunity for designing new antiepileptic drugs whose primary mechanism of action entails the inhibition of neuroinflammatory processes.

Download Full-text

Stress protein Hsp70 as a potential anticonvulsant in animal models of epilepsy

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e516222012-044 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

I.V. Ekimova ◽

L.E. Nitsinskaya ◽

Y.F. Pastukhov

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Animal Models Of Epilepsy ◽

Models Of Epilepsy

Download Full-text

How Antidepressant Drugs Affect the Antielectroshock Action of Antiseizure Drugs in Mice: A Critical Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2521

Author(s):

Kinga K. Borowicz-Reutt

Keyword(s):

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Antidepressant Drugs ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Anticonvulsant Action ◽

Mes Test ◽

Seizure Model ◽

Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Depression coexists with epilepsy, worsening its course. Treatment of the two diseases enables the possibility of interactions between antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs. The aim of this review was to analyze such interactions in one animal seizure model—the maximal electroshock (MES) in mice. Although numerous antidepressants showed an anticonvulsant action, mianserin exhibited a proconvulsant effect against electroconvulsions. In most cases, antidepressants potentiated or remained ineffective in relation to the antielectroshock action of classical antiepileptic drugs. However, mianserin and trazodone reduced the action of valproate, phenytoin, and carbamazepine against the MES test. Antiseizure drug effects were potentiated by all groups of antidepressants independently of their mechanisms of action. Therefore, other factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) modulation, should be considered as the background for the effect of drug combinations.

Download Full-text