Contraceptive Failure in the United States: An Update

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Trussell ◽  
Robert A. Hatcher ◽  
Willard Cates ◽  
Felicia Hance Stewart ◽  
Kathryn Kost
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contraceptive Failure

scholarly journals Contraceptive failure in the United States

Contraception ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Trussell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contraceptive Failure

Contraceptive Failure and Continuation among Married Women in the United States, 1970-75

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Grady ◽  
Marilyn B. Hirsch ◽  
Nelma Keen ◽  
Barbara Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Contraceptive Failure

Contraceptive Failure in the United States: The Impact of Social, Economic and Demographic Factors

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen L. Schirm ◽  
James Trussell ◽  
Jane Menken ◽  
William R. Grady
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contraceptive Failure ◽  
The Impact

Contraceptive Failure in the United States: Estimates from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Grady ◽  
Mark D. Hayward ◽  
Junichi Yagi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contraceptive Failure ◽  
Family Growth

Contraceptive Failure in the United States

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman B. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contraceptive Failure

Aggregate and Lifetime Contraceptive Failure In the United States

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Trussell ◽  
Barbara Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contraceptive Failure

Contraceptive Failure in the United States: Revised Estimates from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise F. Jones ◽  
Jacqueline Darroch Forrest
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contraceptive Failure ◽  
Family Growth

Contraceptive Failure in the United States: A Critical Review of the Literature

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Trussell ◽  
Kathryn Kost
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Contraceptive Failure

Contraceptive Failure Among Married Women in the United States, 1970-1973

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Vaughan ◽  
James Trussell ◽  
Jane Menken ◽  
Elise F. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Contraceptive Failure

scholarly journals Quantifying the economic burden of unintended pregnancies due to drug–drug interactions with hormonal contraceptives from the United States payer perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Srinivasan ◽  
Annesha White ◽  
Jason Lott ◽  
Todd Williamson ◽  
Sheldon X Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Contraceptive Failure ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Payer Perspective

Background: In the United States of America (USA), nearly 10 million women use oral contraceptives (OCs). Concomitant administration of certain medications can result in contraceptive failure, and consequently unintended pregnancies due to drug–drug interactions (DDIs). The objective of this analysis was to estimate the economic impact of unintended pregnancies due to DDIs among women of reproductive age using an OC alone or in combination with an enzyme inducer co-medication in the USA from a payer perspective. Methods: A Markov model using a cohort of 1,000 reproductive-age women was developed to estimate costs due to contraceptive failure for OC alone versus OC with concomitant enzyme inducer drugs. All women were assumed to begin an initial state, continuing until experiencing an unintended pregnancy. Unintended pregnancies could result in birth, induced abortion, spontaneous abortion, or ectopic pregnancy. The cohort was analyzed over a time horizon of 1 year with a cycle length of 1 month. Estimates of costs and probabilities of unintended pregnancy outcomes were obtained from the literature. Probabilities from the Markov cohort trace was used to estimate number of pregnancy outcomes. Results: On average, enzyme inducers resulted in 20 additional unintended pregnancies with additional unadjusted and adjusted costs median (range) of USD136,304 (USD57,436–USD320,093) and USD65,146 (USD28,491–USD162,635), respectively. The major component of the direct cost is attributed to the cost of births. Considering the full range of events, DDIs with enzyme inducers could result in 16–25 additional unintended pregnancies and total unadjusted and adjusted costs ranging between USD46,041 to USD399,121 and USD22,839 to USD202,788 respectively. Conclusion: The direct costs associated with unintended pregnancies due to DDIs may be substantial and are potentially avoidable. Greater awareness of DDI risk with oral contraceptives among payers, physicians, pharmacists and patients may reduce unintended pregnancies in at-risk populations.

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