Desired Family Size and Its Determinants Among Urban Nigerian Women: A Two-Stage Analysis

SummaryAlthough desired family size is often different from actual family size, the dynamics of this difference are not well understood. This paper examines the patterns and determinants of the difference between desired and actual number of children (unmet fertility desires) among women aged 15–49 years using pooled data from the 1990, 1999 and 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHSs). The results show that more than two-thirds of the sample have unmet fertility desires (18.1% have more while 52.4% have fewer than desired). It was found that early and late childbearing increased the odds of unmet fertility desires. Also, women with low levels of education, from poor households, rural residents as well as those who had experienced child death were at a higher risk of unmet fertility desires in the multivariate context. The study highlights the policy and programme implications of the findings.

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Factors affecting desired family size in Bangladesh

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000021441 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 369-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Kabir ◽

Ruhul Amin ◽

Ashraf Uddin Ahmed ◽

Jamir Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Family Size ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Work Status ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Rural Bangladesh ◽

Contraceptive Prevalence ◽

Using Data ◽

Desired Family Size

SummaryFactors affecting desired family size in rural Bangladesh are examined using data from contraceptive prevalence surveys conducted between 1983 and 1991. The analysis suggests that mothers having two sons and one daughter are more inclined to perceive their family as complete than those having three sons and no daughter. Logistic regression analysis indicates that important determinants of desire for more children are age of woman, current contraceptive use status, work status, and family planning worker's visit. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.

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Pharmacokinetics of Propofol after a Single Dose in Children Aged 1–3 Years with Minor Burns

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199603000-00006 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 526-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

I. Murat ◽

V. Billard ◽

J. Vernois ◽

M. Zaouter ◽

P. Marsol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Surface Area ◽

Total Body Surface Area ◽

Central Compartment ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Systemic Clearance ◽

Older Children ◽

Noncompartmental Analysis ◽

Two Stage ◽

Stage Analysis

Background No complete pharmacokinetic profile of propofol is yet available in children younger than 3 yr, whereas clinical studies have demonstrated that both induction and maintenance doses of propofol are increased with respect to body weight in this age group compared to older children and adults. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the pharmacokinetics of propofol after administration of a single dose in aged children 1-3 yr requiring anesthesia for dressing change. Methods This study was performed in 12 children admitted to the burn unit and in whom burn surface area was less than or equal to 12% of total body surface area. Exclusion criteria were: unstable hemodynamic condition, inappropriate fluid loading, associated pulmonary injury, or burn injury older than 2 days. Propofol (4 mg.kg(-1))plus fentanyl (2.5 microg.kg(-1)) was administered while the children were bathed and the burn area cleaned during which the children breathed spontaneously a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide (50:50). Venous blood samples of 300 microl were obtained at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, and 3, 4, 8, and 12 thereafter injection; an earlier sample was obtained from 8 of 12 children. The blood concentration curves obtained for individual children were analyzed by three different methods: noncompartmental analysis, mixed effects population model, and standard two-stage analysis. Results Using noncompartmental analysis, total clearance of propofol (+/-SD) was 0.053+/-0.013l.kg(-1).min(-1), volume of distribution at steady state9.5 +/- 3.7l.kg(-1),and residence time 188 +/- 85 min. Propofol pharmacokinetics were best described by a weight-proportional three-compartmental model in both population and two-stage analysis. Estimated and derived pharmacokinetic parameters were similar using these two pharmacokinetic approaches. Results of population versus two-stage analysis are as follow: systemic clearance 0.049 versus 0.048 l.kg(-).min(-1), volume of central compartment 1.03 versus 0.95 l.kg(-1), volume of steady state 8.09 versus 8.17 l.kg(-1). Conclusions The volume of the central compartment and the systemic clearance were both greater than all values reported in older children and adults. This is consistent with the increased propofol requirements for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia in children 1-3 yr. (Key words: Anesthesia: pediatric. Pharmacokinetics: propofol.)

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