Effects of Simulated Grazing by Below-Ground Herbivores on Growth, CO 2 Exchange, and Carbon Allocation Patterns of Bouteloua gracilis

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Detling ◽  
D. T. Winn ◽  
C. Procter-Gregg ◽  
E. L. Painter
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Simulated Grazing

scholarly journals A decade of free-air CO2enrichment increased the carbon throughput in a grass-clover ecosystem but did not drastically change carbon allocation patterns

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Staddon ◽  
Sabine Reinsch ◽  
Pål A. Olsson ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
Andreas Lüscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Allocation Patterns

Divergent belowground carbon allocation patterns of winter wheat shape rhizosphere microbial communities and nitrogen cycling activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 108518
Author(s):  
Courtland Kelly ◽  
Michelle Haddix ◽  
Patrick Byrne ◽  
M. Francesca Cotrufo ◽  
Meagan Schipanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Belowground Carbon Allocation ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Belowground Carbon

Effects of Grazing on Abundance and Distribution of Shortgrass Steppe Consumers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Milchunas ◽  
William K. Lauenroth
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Shortgrass Steppe ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Grazing Effects

Although livestock are the most obvious consumers on the shortgrass steppe, they are certainly not the only consumers. However, livestock may influence the other consumers in a number of different ways. They may directly compete for food resources with other aboveground herbivores. There is behavioral interference between livestock and some species of wildlife (Roberts and Becker, 1982), but not others (Austin and Urness, 1986). The removal of biomass by livestock alters canopy structure (physiognomy) and influences microclimate. Bird, small-mammal, and insect species can be variously sensitive to these structural alterations (Brown, 1973; Cody, 1985; MacArthur, 1965; Morris, 1973; Rosenzweig et al., 1975; Wiens, 1969). There are both short- and long-term effects of grazing on plant community species composition, primary production, and plant tissue quality. Belowground consumers can also be affected by the effects of grazing on soil water infiltration, nutrient cycling, carbon allocation patterns of plants, litter accumulation, and soil temperature. The overall effects of livestock on a particular component of the native fauna can be negative or can be positive through facilitative relationships (Gordon, 1988). In this chapter we assess the effects of cattle grazing on other above- and belowground consumers, on the diversity and relative sensitivity of these groups of organisms, and on their trophic structure. We first present some brief background information on plant communities of the shortgrass steppe and on the long-term grazing treatments in which many of the studies reported herein were conducted. Details on the plant communities are presented by Lauenroth in chapter 5 (this volume), grazing effects on plant communities by Milchunas et al. in chapter 16 (this volume); and grazing effects on nutrient distributions and cycling by Burke et al. in chapter 13 (this volume). The physiognomy of the shortgrass steppe is indicated in its name. The dominant grasses (Bouteloua gracilis and Buchloë dactyloides), forb (Sphaeralcea coccinea), and carex (Carex eleocharis) have the majority of their leaf biomass within 10 cm of the ground surface. A number of less abundant midheight grasses and dwarf shrubs are sparsely interspersed among the short vegetation, but usually much of their biomass is within 25 cm of the g round. Basal cover of vegetation typically totals 25% to 35%, and is greater in long-term grazed than in ungrazed grassland. Bare ground (more frequent on grazed sites) and litter-covered ground (more frequent on ungrazed sites) comprise the remainder of the soil surface (Milchunas et al., 1989).

Carbon allocation in Euphorbia esula and neighbours after defoliation

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret E Olson ◽  
Roseann T Wallander
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Grazing Tolerance ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Festuca Idahoensis

Weeds increase their dominance in a grazed plant community by avoiding herbivory and (or) by tolerating herbivory more than neighbouring plants. After defoliation, allocating carbon to shoots at the expense of roots may confer tolerance. We determined carbon allocation patterns of undefoliated and recently defoliated (75% clipping level) plants of the invasive leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) growing with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), or Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer). Plants were labeled with 13CO2 24 h after clipping to determine allocation patterns; all plants had equal access to the 13CO2. Based on relative distribution of 13C, defoliation did not affect the amount of carbon allocated to roots of E. esula. The amount of carbon allocated to shoots of E. esula was higher when growing with P. pratensis than when growing with the other species. Based on relative enrichment of 13C, defoliation increased sink strength of remaining shoots on defoliated E. esula plants. Conversely, roots of unclipped E. esula plants were stronger sinks for carbon than roots of clipped plants. Even though defoliation increased "sink strength" of remaining shoots of E. esula, the amount of carbon allocated to the root system was unaffected by defoliation, suggesting that uninterrupted allocation of carbon to its extensive root system, not increased allocation to its shoot system, confers grazing tolerance.

Carbon Allocation Patterns into Proteins and Lipids Associated with Superior Tolerance of Perennial Grass to High Soil Temperature

Crop Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 2262-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimon Rachmilevitch ◽  
Itay Cohen ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
High Soil Temperature

Changes in carbon allocation patterns in spruce and pine trees following irrigation and fertilization

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2-3) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Axelsson ◽  
B. Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Allocation Patterns

NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND CARBON ALLOCATION PATTERNS OF BOREAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Gower ◽  
O. Krankina ◽  
R. J. Olson ◽  
M. Apps ◽  
S. Linder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Allocation Patterns

Net photosynthesis, root respiration, and regrowth of Bouteloua gracilis following simulated grazing

Oecologia ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Detling ◽  
M. I. Dyer ◽  
D. T. Winn
Keyword(s):  
Root Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Simulated Grazing

Juggling carbon: allocation patterns of a dominant tree in a fire-prone savanna

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ernest Noel Schutz ◽  
William J. Bond ◽  
Michael D. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Allocation Patterns
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