Facilities and Hunter-Gatherer Long-Term Land Use Patterns: An Example from Southwest Wyoming

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Smith ◽  
Lance M. McNees
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Factors Influencing

To fully understand prehistoric land use patterns, we must define how prehistoric peoples used particular places on the landscape over longer periods of time. Factors influencing the multi-year use of particular places include human modifications to the landscape as a result of previous occupations. The construction of relatively elaborate and costly facilities for anticipated reuse is one type of modification associated with the repeated occupation of specific locations. Slab-lined cylindrical basins of southwest Wyoming are an example of that type of facility. The archaeological evidence indicates that prehistoric hunter-gatherers repeatedly reused some of these basins on a periodic basis over periods as long as 500 years and reoccupied some locales containing such facilities over a period of more than 2,000 years. The construction of such facilities and the repeated occupation of those locales were apparently related to the procurement and processing of a stable, predictable resource. Biscuitroot was the most likely target resource procured and processed at these locales.

scholarly journals Variation in the Continuity of Land-Use Patterns through the First Millennium AD in Lowland Britain

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Stephen Rippon ◽  
Ralph Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
First Millennium

AbstractThis paper explores the contribution that palaeoenvironmental evidence, and in particular palynology, is making to our understanding of landscape evolution in Britain during the 1st millenniumAD. This was a period of profound social and economic change including a series of invasions, some associated with a mass folk migration. Archaeologists and historians continue to debate the significance of these events, and palaeoenvironmental evidence is now starting to provide an additional perspective. Key to this has been obtaining pollen sequences, although there remains a need for more evidence from lowland areas, alongside higher resolution sampling and improved dating. It is suggested that although the 1st millenniumADsaw some significant long-term shifts in climate, these are unlikely to have had a significant causal effect on landscape change in lowland areas (both in areas with and without significant Anglo-Saxon immigration). The analysis of pollen data from across Britain shows very marked regional variations in the major land-use types (arable, woodland, improved pasture, and unimproved pasture) throughout the Roman and Early Medieval periods. While Britain ceasing to be part of the Roman empire appears to have led to a decline in the intensity of agriculture, it was the ‘long 8th c.’ (the later 7th to early 9th c.) that saw a more profound change, with a period of investment, innovation, and intensification, including an expansion in arable cultivation.

Ecotourism and conservation in Amazonian Perú: short-term and long-term challenges

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS W. YU ◽  
THOMAS HENDRICKSON ◽  
ADA CASTILLO
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
National Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Moral Hazards ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Land Titles

Several authors have suggested that ecotourism can enhance the value of intact wildlands and thereby promote conservation. Two rainforest lodges dating from the 1970s and located in southeastern Amazonian Perú have been held up as early success stories in tourism-driven conservation, but a more recent assessment reveals that both lodges have since lost their rainforest reserves to encroachment. One of the major reasons for failure was that the national land laws in effect at the time did not allow the purchase of land titles. Recently, Perú has instituted a process for the purchase of land titles in the rainforest. One lodge has used the new land tenure laws with some success to create a rainforest reserve. The very attempt to buy land for purposes of conservation can promote encroachment and land-buying speculation, and the lodge's current agreement with its neighbours to provide a school in exchange for non-encroachment is fraught with moral hazards and appears unstable over the long term. Tourism can promote conservation primarily at the national level, and ecotourism projects in the Peruvian Amazon can stabilize land-use patterns at least in the short term. However, the conservation of habitat over the long-term will rest primarily on the ability of the State to enforce a consistent land use policy with regard to land tenure and Park protection.

scholarly journals Linking Past and Present Land-Use Histories in Southern Amazonas, Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2274
Author(s):  
Daniel Plekhov ◽  
Parker VanValkenburgh ◽  
Paul Abrams ◽  
Amanda Cutler ◽  
Justin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Imagery ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Past Land Use

This paper analyzes remotely sensed data sources to evaluate land-use history within the Peruvian department of Amazonas and demonstrates the utility of comparing present and past land-use patterns using continuous datasets, as a complement to the often dispersed and discrete data produced by archaeological and paleoecological field studies. We characterize the distribution of ancient (ca. AD 1–1550) terracing based on data drawn from high-resolution satellite imagery and compare it to patterns of deforestation between 2001 and 2019, based on time-series Landsat data. We find that the patterns reflected in these two datasets are statistically different, indicating a distinctive shift in land-use, which we link to the history of Inka and Spanish colonialism and Indigenous depopulation in the 15th through 17th centuries AD as well as the growth of road infrastructure and economic change in the recent past. While there is a statistically significant relationship between areas of ancient terracing and modern-day patterns of deforestation, this relationship ultimately explains little (6%) of the total pattern of modern forest loss, indicating that ancient land-use patterns do not seem to be structuring modern-day trajectories of land-use. Together, these results shed light on the long-term history of land-use in Amazonas and their enduring legacies in the present.

scholarly journals Hunian Berulang Dolina Kidang, Blora Kala Holosen

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Indah Asikin Nurani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Occupancy Patterns ◽  
New Information

HUNIAN BERULANG DI DOLINA KIDANG, BLORA KALA HOLOSEN DWELLING RECURRING IN DOLINA KIDANG, BLORAHOLOCENE PERIOD Indah Asikin NuraniBalai Arkeologi Daerah Istimewaan Yogyakarta, Jalan Gedong Kuning No 174, Kotagede, YogyakartaEmail: [email protected] Abstrak Dolina Kidang adalah suatu lobang besar yang di dalamnya terdapat sebuah gua dan sebuah ceruk. Dolina ini merupakan tempat hunian manusia prasejarah kala Holosen yang sangat intensif dihuni. Bukti-bukti arkeologis memberikan gambaran bagaimana pola hunian yang berlangsung di dalam dolina ini. Temuan hasil ekskavasi meliputi artefak, ekofak, fitur, dan rangka manusia. Kajian geoarkeologis menunjukkan adanya proses pengendapan sedimentasi dan material budaya yang signifikan. Kajian antropologi ragawi memberikan kontribusi tentang sistem kubur yang dianut manusia penghuni Dolina Kidang. Pengembangan teknologi dalam mempertahankan hidup juga memberikan informasi tersendiri dalam pola hidup manusia penghuni Dolina Kidang. Tulisan ini akan memberikan gambaran menyeluruh pola hunian beserta jejak okupasi yang berlangsung di dolina ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis, dengan penalaran induktif. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi tentang pola pemanfaatan lahan gua secara berulang yaitu ditemukan gua berupa konglomerat alas. Kata kunci: Dolina Kidang, stratigrafi, kubur, teknologi, hunian. Abstract. Dolina Kidang is a big hole in which there is a cave and a niche. This Dolina a prehistoric human settlements Holocene period very intensive inhabited. Archaeological evidence gives an overview of how settlement patterns that took place in this dolina. Findings from excavations among others artifacts, ecofacts, features, and skeleton. Geo-archaeological studies showed the deposition process of sedimentation and culturally of significant material. Contributing studies paleoanthropology has information about the system of burial in Dolina Kidang. Studies of technology in maintaining the life had new information in sustaining life in Dolina Kidang. This paper will provide a thorough overview of the occupancy patterns along with traces of occupation that took place in this dolina. The method used is descriptive analytical, with inductive reasoning. The results of study provide information on land use patterns recurring cave that is found in the form of conglomerates pedestal as gab occupation. Keywords: Dolina Kidang, stratigraphy, burial, technology, occupancy.

Conducting “Siteless Survey”: Results from Coastal New England

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan E. Kerber
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New England ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Statistical Validity ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Survey Strategy

Selecting an effective archaeological survey takes careful consideration given the interaction of several variables, such as the survey's goals, nature of the data base, and budget constraints. This article provides justification for a “siteless survey” using evidence from a project on Potowomut Neck in Rhode Island whose objective was not to locate sites but to examine the distribution and density of prehistoric remains to test an hypothesis related to land use patterns. The survey strategy, random walk, was chosen because it possessed the advantages of probabilistic testing, as well as the ease of locating sample units. The results were within the limits of statistical validity and were found unable to reject the hypothesis. “Siteless survey” may be successfully applied in similar contexts where the distribution and density of materials, as opposed to ambiguously defined sites, are sought as evidence of land use patterns, in particular, and human adaptation, in general.

scholarly journals Modeling Community-Scale Natural Resource Use in a Transboundary Southern African Landscape: Integrating Remote Sensing and Participatory Mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Woodward ◽  
Narcisa G. Pricope ◽  
Forrest R. Stevens ◽  
Andrea E. Gaughan ◽  
Nicholas E. Kolarik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Participatory Mapping ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Human Habitation

Remote sensing analyses focused on non-timber forest product (NTFP) collection and grazing are current research priorities of land systems science. However, mapping these particular land use patterns in rural heterogeneous landscapes is challenging because their potential signatures on the landscape cannot be positively identified without fine-scale land use data for validation. Using field-mapped resource areas and household survey data from participatory mapping research, we combined various Landsat-derived indices with ancillary data associated with human habitation to model the intensity of grazing and NTFP collection activities at 100-m spatial resolution. The study area is situated centrally within a transboundary southern African landscape that encompasses community-based organization (CBO) areas across three countries. We conducted four iterations of pixel-based random forest models, modifying the variable set to determine which of the covariates are most informative, using the best fit predictions to summarize and compare resource use intensity by resource type and across communities. Pixels within georeferenced, field-mapped resource areas were used as training data. All models had overall accuracies above 60% but those using proxies for human habitation were more robust, with overall accuracies above 90%. The contribution of Landsat data as utilized in our modeling framework was negligible, and further research must be conducted to extract greater value from Landsat or other optical remote sensing platforms to map these land use patterns at moderate resolution. We conclude that similar population proxy covariates should be included in future studies attempting to characterize communal resource use when traditional spectral signatures do not adequately capture resource use intensity alone. This study provides insights into modeling resource use activity when leveraging both remotely sensed data and proxies for human habitation in heterogeneous, spectrally mixed rural land areas.

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