LONG-TERM IMMUNOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 ON HEALTH

SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) that initially came to notice in December 2019 is the agent responsible for COVID-19 is still spreading rapidly worldwide and it is presently a potent danger to the world and also to the economy. Patients with COVID-19 are still at risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, and death. Those patients whose aged more than sixty years with comorbidities, children, and healthcare workers are highly vulnerable to this virus patient shows various symptoms most commonly cough, fever, difficulty in breathing, fatigue, sore throat. The infection could be categorized into three stages: mild infection, the pulmonary stage, and the inflammatory stage. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, it has been clear that infection caused due to SARS-Cov-2 might be responsible for the unpredicted long-term health consequences. In addition to this, it has acute respiratory manifestations, adversely SARS-Cov-2 also affects the other organ systems. However, there is limited to the management of COVID-19 related conditions of the extrapulmonary systems. After recovery, patients remain at risk for lung disease, heart disease, and mental ailment. There may be long-term consequences of adverse effects they observed in the course of COVID-19 and during its treatment. This review provided information about the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 that may impair the urinary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hematopoietic, neurological, or reproductive systems. Also, the main purpose of this article is to describe the current concern of the extra pulmonary complications that were caused due to COVID-19 and also to improve the management and diagnosis of these patients.

Dreams and desire. The cinema of Pier Paolo Pasolini and Federico Fellini: A conversation with Roberto Chiesi

In this interview, Roberto Chiesi talks about the personal and professional relationship between Pier Paolo Pasolini and Federico Fellini. He describes their experience with neorealism and how each of them moved past it to develop an original and unique cinematographic style. He focuses on specific elements of their cinema, such as the importance of the oneiric dimension and their conception of the sacred. Chiesi explains the central role civic involvement had in the work of Pasolini; his last movie Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma (Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom) (Pasolini 1975) is centred on the dramatic process of degradation caused by the new consumeristic ideology. Fellini, instead, was primarily concerned with the corruptive vulgarity of the new commercial television. Highlighting the importance of Pasolini and Fellini’s legacy, Chiesi concludes the interview by saying that the two artists had the foresight to imagine the dreadful long-term consequences the events of their time would produce, consequences we are experiencing in today’s society.

Symptom cluster analysis of long COVID-19 in patients discharged from the Temporary COVID-19 Hospital in Mexico City

Introduction: Several reports have emerged describing the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and its effects on multiple systems. Methods: As further research is needed, we conducted a longitudinal observational study to report the prevalence and associated risk factors of the long-term health consequences of COVID-19 by symptom clusters in patients discharged from the Temporary COVID-19 Hospital (TCH) in Mexico City. Self-reported clinical symptom data were collected via telephone calls over 90 days post-discharge. Among 4670 patients, we identified 45 symptoms across eight symptom clusters (neurological; mood disorders; systemic; respiratory; musculoskeletal; ear, nose, and throat; dermatological; and gastrointestinal). Results: We observed that the neurological, dermatological, and mood disorder symptom clusters persisted in >30% of patients at 90 days post-discharge. Although most symptoms decreased in frequency between day 30 and 90, alopecia and the dermatological symptom cluster significantly increased ( p < 0.00001). Women were more prone than men to develop long-term symptoms, and invasive mechanical ventilation also increased the frequency of symptoms at 30 days post-discharge. Conclusion: Overall, we observed that symptoms often persisted regardless of disease severity. We hope these findings will help promote public health strategies that ensure equity in the access to solutions focused on the long-term consequences of COVID-19.

Long Term Effects of Reduced Track Tamping Works

Tamping needs to guarantee safety in limiting geometric failures in isolated points, reduce dynamic forces by a smooth through-going longitudinal level, and provide a certain riding comfort for passengers. Although different methods are applied to describe geometry deterioration, the amount of tamping needed is seldomly addressed. In this work, we evaluated and compared different tamping regimes and their long-term consequences by extrapolating the longitudinal level of track. Forecasting beyond one tamping action needs a precise positioning of measurement data and a solid methodology. We found that tracks can be operated by repairing isolated defects for more than ten years without running into technical and operational trouble, and even reducing budgets in this period. However, the long-term perspective financially shows the contrary: continuous through-going maintenance keeps track quality at a high level and provides the basis for a long service life.

Consequences of Prematurity on Cortisol Regulation and Adjustment Difficulties: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study

A preterm birth represents a stressful event having potentially negative long-term consequences. Thirty-three children born preterm (<33 weeks gestational age) and eleven full-term children participated in a nine-year longitudinal study. Perinatal Risk Inventory (PERI) was used at birth to assess the perinatal stress. Salivary cortisol, collected four times a day over two consecutive days, was measured with radioimmunoassay technique at six months and nine years to assess the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Mothers reported post-traumatic symptoms on a self-report questionnaire 12 months after their child’s birth and children’s adjustment problems at 9 years of child age on the Child Behavior Checklist. Results showed a significant difference in cortisol regulation at nine years between preterm and full-term children but no differences in adjustment problems. Whereas biological factors (i.e., PERI, cortisol regulation at six months) explained cortisol at nine years, maternal post-traumatic symptoms were predictive of adjustment problems in their child. In conclusion, very preterm birth has some long-term consequences on the HPA-axis regulation at nine years. Although cortisol regulation is mostly influenced by biological factors, the presence of maternal post-traumatic symptoms predicts the manifestation of adjustment problems in both groups. This shows the importance of maternal psychological well-being for child development. Further research is needed to understand the exact consequences of premature birth on cortisol regulation and the implication for the child’s development and health.

US Parents’ Domestic Labor Over the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic

•Objective: This study assesses changes in parents’ divisions of housework and childcare over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. •Background: Assessing the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for gender equality requires understanding how and why labor arrangements shifted as the pandemic progressed. Yet, we know little about US parents’ domestic arrangements beyond the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic or how simultaneous changes in men’s and women’s employment, earnings, telework, gender ideologies, and access to care supports may have altered domestic labor arrangements.•Method: This study assesses change in parents’ domestic labor using fixed-effects regression on data from a longitudinal panel of 700 different-sex partnered US parents collected at three time points: March 2020, April 2020, and November 2020.•Results: Partnered parents’ divisions of housework and childcare became more equal in the early days of the pandemic, but reverted toward pre-pandemic levels by the fall of 2020. Changes in parents’ divisions of domestic labor were largely driven by changes in parents’ labor force conditions, and especially by fathers’ labor force conditions. Decreases in fathers’ labor force participation and increases in telecommuting in April portended increases in partnered fathers’ shares of domestic tasks. As fathers increased time in paid work and returned to in-person work by fall, their shares of domestic labor fell.•Conclusion: Overall, results suggest that promoting full-time employment among mothers and greater time at home for fathers are key in facilitating a more equal division of domestic labor within families post-pandemic.

ABOUT REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19

Новая коронавирусная инфекция и ее отдаленные последствия занимают особое место в научной медицине и практическом здравоохранении. Появление COVID-19, распространение его среди населения земного шара, появление все новых штаммов поставило перед специалистами здравоохранения задачи, связанные с быстрой диагностикой инфекции, вызванной новым коронавирусом, оказанием специализированной медицинской помощи, включая диагностику, лечение, первичную и вторичную профилактику, медицинскую реабилитацию. Реабилитация пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, имеет важнейшее значение для восстановления трудоспособности и сохранения здоровья этой категории граждан. Эффективная организация и полноценная реализация реабилитационных мероприятий, достижение целей и задач медицинской и социальной реабилитации определяют социальные последствия пандемии как для конкретного индивида, так и для общества и государства в целом. Статья посвящена изучению и анализу возможностей применения рефлексотерапии в комплексе реабилитационных мероприятий пациентов с отдаленными последствиями новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID - 19. Дальнейшее совершенствование системы реабилитации, включая расширение и оптимизацию применения средств и методов реабилитационных мероприятий, будет способствовать повышению качества и эффективности оказания медицинской помощи, преодолению негативных последствий перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 The new coronavirus infection and its long-term consequences occupy a special place in scientific medicine and practical healthcare. The emergence of COVID-19, its spread among the world's population, and the emergence of new strains have set health professionals tasks related to the rapid diagnosis of infection caused by the new coronavirus, the provision of specialized medical assistance, including diagnosis, treatment, primary and secondary prevention, and medical rehabilitation. Rehabilitation of patients who have undergone COVID-19 is of crucial importance for the restoration of working capacity and the preservation of the health of this category of citizens. Effective organization and full implementation of rehabilitation measures, achievement of goals and objectives of medical and social rehabilitation determines the social consequences of the pandemic both for a particular individual and for society and the state as a whole. The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the possibilities of using refloxotherapy in a complex of rehabilitation measures for patients with long-term consequences of a new coronavirus infection COVID - 19. Further improvement of the rehabilitation system, including the expansion and optimization of the use of means and methods of rehabilitation measures, will contribute to improving the quality and effectiveness of medical care, overcoming the negative consequences of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19

A Case Report of Steven Johnson Syndrome

Introduction: In 1922, two doctors, Albert Mason Stevens and Frank Johnson, examined purulent conjunctivitis.” Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome was named after them as a result of their study. The incidence rate is 7 cases per million populations per year. Case Presentation: Master Yash Ghudam was brought to AVBRH by his parents with chief complaints of fever since 5 days and erythematous lesions all over body since 3 days. History of present illness: Patient was apparently alright 5 days back, and then he started having fever which was of high grade and was not associated with chills and rigor. Patient was treated on OPD basis and the symptoms of an unexplained disease in two young boys, aged 7 and 8, who had "an unusual, generalised eruption of continued fever, inflamed buccal mucosa, and extreme some antibiotic was given, but there was no relief, after 2 days there was ulcers formation inside the mouth for which some ointment and syrup becosule was started. But lesions were increasing. 3 days back the lesions first appeared on chest then got spread to legs and hands. For which patient was admitted in Chandrapur hospital from were the patient was referred to AVBRH for further management. Interventions: The patient was treated the patient was started on intravenous and orally Cortecosteroids, Omnacortil 10mg, Antibiotics- Inj. Ceftriaxone1gm IV 12 hourly [100mg/kg/day], inj. Amikacin 150mg IV 12 hourly [15mg/kg/day], Syp. Mucaine gel 2tsp BD – swish and swallow), Syp. Cital 2.5ml TDS, Tab. Chymoral Forte TDS, Inj. Pantop 20mg IV 24 hourly (1mg/kg/dose). Pandya’s Formula: Syp. Gelusil 5ml, Syp. Benadryl 5ml, Syp. Omnacortil 5ml. Skin allograft: It has been planned. Conclusion: In this study, we mainly focus on medical management and outstanding nursing care helped prevent farther complication. Overall, the patient's reaction was positive, though recovery time from Steven johnson syndrome varies from person to person, taking weeks, months, or even years. However, only a small number of people completely recover, while some have long-term consequences. She took a long time to get back on her feet.