Archaeology on Film: A Comprehensive Guide to Audio- Visual Materials. Peter S. Allen and Carole Lazio, editors. Archaeological Institute of America, Boston, 1983. viii + 240 pp., index. $10.00+ $1.50-non-member; $7.50 + $1.50- member (paper). - 
            A Lexicon for Maya Architecture. H. Stanley Loten and David M. Pendergast. Royal Ontario Museum, Archaeology Monograph 8, Toronto, 1984. iii + 28 pp., figures, plates, bibliography. $4.50 (paper). - 
            Atlas of Mapped Distributions of Dominance and Modern Pollen Percentages for Important Tree Taxa of Eastern North America. Paul A. Delcourt, Hazel R. Delcourt, and Thompson Webb III. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation Contributions Series, No. 14, Dallas, 1984. ii + 131 pp., figures, references, appendices, index. $9.00 (paper). - 
            Vegetation Management on Archaeological Sites. G. Hamel and K. Jones. New Zealand Historic Places Trust, Wellington, New Zealand, 1984. 28 pp., plates, appendices, references. Paper.

AbstractRemote sensing has revolutionized procedures for locating buried features at archaeological sites in eastern North America. However, the potential of instruments such as gradiometers to shape innovative research in ways that move beyond survey and testing is not always realized in practice. At the Mississippian site of Moundville, Alabama, we conducted a landscape-scale geophysical survey to serve as the guiding method of community settlement analysis. First, we mapped the distribution of magnetic anomalies across the site. Next, we defined the variability of anomalies and selected a sample for test excavations to correlate specific anomaly shapes and amplitudes with specific cultural features. Once confirmed as cultural features, we extrapolated sample results to identify unexcavated anomalies as specific building forms and other features with a higher degree of probability than would have been possible without confirmation by test excavation. Results include the identification and mapping of over 450 unexcavated probable buildings, nearly five times the number previously discovered in decades of traditional excavation. Because the buried probable buildings have different forms, sizes, distributions, and chronological spans, the interpreted gradiometer map is transformed through interpretation from a static palimpsest of anomalies to a picture of changing community settlement organization.

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Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv papulans in apple budwood

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4460 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 146-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.L. Vanneste ◽

J. Yu

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

New Zealand ◽

North America ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Important Disease

Pseudomonas syringae pv papulans (Psp) causes blister spot on apples an economically important disease of the cultivar Mutsu in eastern North America Neither the pathogen nor the disease has been recorded in New Zealand or Australia Since Psp can be transmitted via budwood a protocol to specifically detect Psp in apple buds has been developed It is based on the amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of part of the hrpL gene Using this protocol presence of Psp could be routinely detected in apple buds spiked with 100 cells of the pathogen This protocol was used to analyse budwoods from Hawkes Bay and Waikato and apple fruit from Waikato Hawkes Bay and Central Otago All samples were negative which is consistent with the pathogen never having been recorded in this country

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Bear-Human Relationships in Native Eastern North America

Bears ◽

10.5744/florida/9781683401384.003.0013 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 271-310

Author(s):

Gregory A. Waselkov ◽

J. Lynn Funkhouser

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Black Bear ◽

Black Bears ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Population Densities ◽

Human Relationships ◽

Foot Bones ◽

The Social ◽

Ontological Turn

This volume’s case studies recognize the black bear (Ursus americanus) to be among the most socially consequent of species in Native Eastern North America, despite meager remains at many archaeological sites. Indeed, that sparseness offers valuable evidence for the social roles long played by bears. Ethnohistorical sources suggest bear population densities in some habitats were greater than seen today in Eastern North America. Most archaeological assemblages of bear skeletal remains have skull parts and foot bones but lack most other postcranial elements, often reflecting ritual off-site discard of post-cranial remains and feasting on head and feet. Differences in quantities of bear remains, their relative proportions to other mammals, and differing representations of various parts of the bear skeleton are sensitive indicators of a society’s relationship with black bears. We apply precepts of the new animism, or the ontological turn, to animate the zooarchaeology of bears in Eastern North America.

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Do Cucurbita pepo Gourds Float Fishnets?

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/4128352 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 141-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

John P. Hart ◽

Robert A. Daniels ◽

Charles J. Sheviak

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Dried Fruits ◽

Far North ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Indigenous Crops

Among the various pre-maize indigenous crops of eastern North America, Cucurbita pepo gourd is the most enigmatic.C. pepogourd remains have been found on mid-Holocene (8000–4000 B.P.) archaeological sites as far north and east as Maine. Their presumably extremely bitter flesh would have made the fruits inedible. Two not mutually exclusive hypotheses for use of the fruit are currently being debated: (1) the nutritious seeds were processed to remove bitterness and consumed, and (2) dried fruits were used as fishnet floats and/or containers for general use. We report on a series of experiments that demonstrate the gourds function extremely well as fishnet floats. These results lend support to the second hypothesis, but do not conclusively prove they were used for this purpose.

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The Contemporary Distribution of Pollen in Eastern North America: A Comparison with the Vegetation

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/0033-5894(75)90040-x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 395-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Ronald B. Davis ◽

Thompson Webb

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Boreal Forest ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Hudson Bay ◽

Southeastern Part ◽

Forest Tundra ◽

Continental Scale ◽

Modern Pollen ◽

Pollen Types

By mapping and summarizing 478 pollen counts from surface samples at 406 locations in eastern North America, this study documents the relationships between the distributions of pollen and vegetation on a continental scale. The most common pollen types in this region are pine, birch, oak, and spruce. Maps showing isopercentage contours or isopolls for 13 important pollen types reflect the general N-S zonation of the vegetation. The maps and tabulations of average pollen spectra for the six major vegetational regions indicate high values for the following pollen types in each region: (1) tundra-nonarboreal birch, sedge, and alder; (2) forest/tundra-spruce, nonarboreal birch and alder; (3) boreal forest-spruce, jack pine (type), and arboreal birch with fir in the southeastern part; (4) conifer/hardwood forest-white pine, arboreal birch, and hemlock with beech, maple, and oak in the southern part; (5) deciduous forest-oak, pine, hickory, and elm, with beech and maple in the northern part, and highest values of oak and hickory west of the Appalachian crest; and (6) southeastern forest-pine, oak, hickory, tupelo, and Myricaceae. In some cases, less abundant pollen types are diagnostic for the region, e.g., bald cypress in the southeast. In the conifer-hardwood region and southward, pollen of weeds associated with deforestation and agriculture is abundant. The maps also show that much of southeastern U.S. and the area just to the east of Hudson Bay are in need of additional sampling. At 51 of the sites, absolute pollen frequencies (APF; grains/ml lake sediment) were obtained. These confirm the major conclusions from the percentage data, but differences are evident, e.g., the percentages of alder pollen peak in the tundra whereas alder APFs peak in the boreal forest, and spruce percentages peak in the forest-tundra whereas spruce APFs peak in the boreal forest. Because the APF data reflect the patterns of absolute abundance of individual taxa in the vegetation as well as the overall forest densities, future counts of modern pollen should include APF determinations. The effects of sedimentation processes on APF quantities indicate that APF samples should be obtained from moderate size lakes of similar morphology and hydrology and that, in each lake, several samples from the profundal zone should be pooled to create a sample representative of that lake.

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Plant Husbandry in Prehistoric Eastern North America: New Evidence for Its Development

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/279396 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 405-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Stephen A. Chomko ◽

Gary W. Crawford

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Native Plant ◽

Late Archaic ◽

Plant Resources ◽

New Evidence

Squash remains from three Late Archaic archaeological sites constitute the earliest evidence for cultigens in eastern North America. The new data indicate the tropical cultigen, squash, was introduced into the area prior to the domestication of native plant resources.

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Pollen Preservation and Archaeology in Eastern North America

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/279613 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 40 (2Part1) ◽

pp. 180-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

James E. King ◽

Walter E. Klippel ◽

Rose Duffield

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Depositional Environment ◽

Tree Bark ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Pollen Deposition ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Copper Salts ◽

Indian Village ◽

Central Illinois ◽

Pollen Preservation

The recovery of pollen from archaeological sites in Eastern North A merica has not been as successful as it has been in the western part of the continent. The depositional environment of eastern archaeological sites is generally unfavorable for pollen preservation and archaeologists have failed to search out special situations in which pollen may be preserved. At the Rhoads site, a Proto-Historic Indian village in central Illinois, abundant pollen has been found associated with copper artifacts and deeply buried tree bark. Pollen was preserved around copper, apparently due to dissolved copper salts which act as a fungicide. Tree bark, an excellent collection surface for air-borne pollen, can yield abundant pollen when preserved. When the factors involved in pollen deposition and preservation are considered, the prospects for archaeological palynology in eastern North America should be greatly enhanced.

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