Human Fetuses, Persons, and the Right to Abortion:

2017 ◽  
pp. 179-227
Keyword(s):  
Human Fetuses ◽  
The Right

362: The right and the left Testis Migrates at the same time? Analisys in 144 human fetuses

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Luciano A. Favorito ◽  
Francisco J.B. Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals FETAL ANATOMY OF PARATHYROID GLANDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesia Ya. Lopushniak ◽  
Тatiana V. Khmara ◽  
Оleh М. Boichuk ◽  
Mariana A. Ryznychuk ◽  
Leonid V. Shvyhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
The Right

The aim: To study the forms of anatomical variability of the external structure of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the fetal period of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: The study involved 48 specimens of human fetuses with 81,0-375,0 mm of crown-rump length (CRL). The study was conducted by means of macromicroscopic preparation, morphometry and variation statistics method. Results: The age and individual anatomical variability, complex way of development and formation of synotopic embryotropographic correlations of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis create numerous prerequisites for the emergence of variants of their external structure and topography in the fetuses of both different and the same age groups. Conclusions: There is a significant anatomical variability of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in 4-10-month-old fetuses, which is manifested by varieties of their shape and topical location. Aplasia of the upper parathyroid glands, which was found in two human fetuses aged 7 months, was due to the fetures of their organogenesis and the formation of syntopy in the embryonic and prefetal periods of their development. Parathyroid glands are mainly supplied with blood by the branches of the inferior thyroid artery. The branches of the upper thyroid artery and the arteries of adjacent organs: larynx, trachea and esophagus are involved in the blood supply. The right and left inferior thyroid veins are tributaries of the corresponding brachiocephalic vein, paired (right and left) superior and middle thyroid veins are those for the internal jugular vein.

scholarly journals Method of Macromicroscopic Preparation for Determination of Fetal Anatomical Variability of the Thoracic Part of the Aorta

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Stelmakh ◽  
◽  
T. V. Khmara ◽  
O. F. Marchuk ◽  
I. D. Kiiun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Posterior Mediastinum ◽  
Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Macroscopic Structure ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Thoracic Part ◽  
The Right

To obtain data about the formation of fetal macroscopic structure and topography of the thoracic part of the aorta, which can be used for age-related mapping, it is necessary to determine a standard sequence of steps during the preparation of these structures. The purpose of the study was to determine the method of the best rational sequence of actions during the preparation of areas of the posterior mediastinum in human fetuses to obtain standard results, useful for comparing in the age aspect. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 35 human fetuses of 4-10 months by macromicroscopic preparation of organs, vessels, and nerves of the posterior mediastinum. Results and discussion. In the study of fetal anatomical variability of branches and nerves of the thoracic aorta in the age aspect, the algorithm of anatomical preparation of the posterior mediastinum becomes a priority. However, in the literary sources available to us, we did not find information about the sequence of actions during the preparation of the posterior mediastinum, including the thoracic aorta in human fetuses. The innervation of the thoracic part of aorta on both sides mainly involves the branches of the II-VI thoracic nodes of the sympathetic trunk, the great visceral nerve, and the branch of the vagus nerve. Adherence to the following sequence of actions during the preparation of the posterior mediastinum, and in particular, the branches and nerves of the thoracic aorta, in human fetuses, provides not only the scientific value of the results but also the rational use of biological material. Conclusion. The proposed and tested method of dissection of nerves, visceral and parietal branches of the thoracic aorta in human fetuses provides a standard for obtaining data about their typical, individual, and age anatomical variability. The innervation of the thoracic aorta mainly involves the branches of the II-VI thoracic nodes of the sympathetic trunk, the great visceral nerve, and the branch of the vagus nerve. Nerve branches leading to the thoracic aorta from various sources enter its wall either together with blood vessels or in isolation. In human fetuses, between the right and left sympathetic trunks and the thoracic part of the aorta, in addition to the intermediate plexus or collateral trunk, a paraaortic plexus is found, the branches of which participate in the innervation of the thoracic aorta. Bilateral asymmetry of the structure and topography of the plexuses of the thoracic aorta was detected. The sequence of actions used during the preparation of the thoracic aorta in human fetuses preserves the natural appearance and relationships between the branches and nerves of the object of the study

scholarly journals Anatomic variability of the nerves of the triceps surae in early human fetuses

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
T.V Komar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Intramuscular Nerves ◽  
The Right ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Fibular Nerve

Background. Establishing fetal anatomical variability of intramuscular nerves and their connections plays an important role in the search for and development of new methods for the diagnostic and treatment posterior region of the leg. Objective – to find out the topographic and anatomical features of the innervation of the triceps surae in human fetuses 4-6 months. Methods. The study was performed on 46 human fetuses 81.0-230.0 mm crown-rump length (CRL) length using macromicroscopic preparation, vascular injection, and morphometry. Results. In early human fetuses, the anatomical variability of the distribution of intramuscular nerves in the thickness of the triceps surae was established, which is due to the variability of the structure and topography of the tibial nerve, structural and functional organization of triceps surae, arterial branching and interneural connections in the thickness of the heads of the gastrocnemius and soleus in fetuses of different and the same age groups, and sometimes in the same fetus. Conclusion. The main source of innervation of the triceps surae is the tibial nerve, which can be presented by a single trunk, main and additional trunks, or several independent trunks. The nerves in the thickness of the triceps are unevenly distributed. The highest concentration of muscular branches of the tibial nerve is determined in the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the medial part of the soleus. Information on fetal topography of intramuscular nerves in the thickness of the right and left triceps surae, as well as forms of their anatomical variability, both in fetuses of different and the same age and sometimes in the same fetus, due to structural-functional organization of the components of the triceps surae, the type of branching of arteries and nerves in the thickness of the heads of the gastrocnemius and soleus. Atypical variants of the topography of the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve in early fetuses, as well as interneural connections in the thickness of the components of the triceps surae, are more common on the right lower leg.

scholarly journals Morphometric Characteristics of the Thigh Bone in Human Fetuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
P. V. Hryhorieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
The Right

Defining quantitative growth parameters of individual skeletal bones, namely the right and left femurs, is practically important for determining the age of the fetus. Lack of data on changes in the length of the femur in 4-10 months’ fetuses, as well as the dependence of its morphometric parameters on the length of the lower limb and the age of the fetus, prompted us to conduct this study. The purpose of the study was to determine the morphometric parameters of the length of the right and left femurs during the fetal period of human ontogenesis, which could form the base of normal indicators. Materials and methods. Morphometric study was performed on the lower extremities specimens of 40 human fetuses of an 81.0-375.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, the dynamics of changes in the length of the right and left femurs and lower extremities in 4-10 months’ human fetuses was established. Direct correlations were found in the studied fetal groups, and only in 5-month-old fetuses a direct medium-strength reliable correlation between the lengths of the right and left femurs was found. A weak correlation between the length of the left lower limb and the length of the left femur was found in 7-month-old fetuses. In other cases, direct significant strong correlations were found between the analyzed indicators. The results obtained regarding the change in the length of the right and left femurs, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient between the morphometric parameters of the length of the right and left femurs and the length of the lower extremities and parietal-coccygeal length of human fetuses 4-10 months are important both theoretically and practically for fetal anatomy. Conclusion. During the fetal period of human ontogenesis, where there is a relatively uniform increase in the length of the right and left femurs, no significant differences in their length were detected. Between the 4th and the 10th month of fetal development, the length of the right femur increases by 5.59 times (from 13.18 ± 2.56 mm to 73.66 ± 2.19 mm), and the length of the left femur increases by 5.44 times: from 13.54 ± 2.35 mm to 73.73 ± 2.12 mm, respectively. In the fetal period the right and left lower extremities also grow equally, no significant differences in their length have been established

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