Cell Adaptations of Rhodococci to Pharmaceutical Pollutants

Against the background of atense environmental situation, the risk of drug pollution in the natural environment is steadily increasing. Pharmaceuticals entering open ecosystems can cause toxic effects in wildlife from molecular to population levels. The aim of this research was to examine the impact of pharmaceutical pollutants on rhodococci, which are typical representatives of soil actinobacteria and active biodegraders of these compounds. The pharmaceutical products used in this research werediclofenac sodium and ibuprofen, which are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are widely used and frequently found in the environment. The most common cell adaptations of rhodococci to the effects of NSAIDs were changes in zeta potential, catalase activity, morphometric parameters and degree of hydrophobicity; elevated contents of total cellular lipids; and the formation of cell conglomerates. The findings demonstrated the adaptation mechanisms of rhodococci and their increased resistance to the toxic effects of the pharmaceutical pollutants. Keywords: pharmaceutical pollutants, NSAIDs, diclofenac, ibuprofen, cell responses, Rhodococcus

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on biology and morphometric parameters of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas infesting rice (Oryza sativa)

An experiment was conducted at Research Farm, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India to quantify the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on the biology and morphometric parameters of yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas, Pyralidae, Lepidoptera). Yellow stem borer is one of the major pest of rice in the whole rice growing regions of South East Asia. The effect of three carbon dioxide concentrations i.e. 410 ppm (ambient), 550 ppm and 700 ppm on the duration of the developmental period as well as morphometric parameters of each stage of the lifecycle of the pest was analysed. It was found that, there was an increase in the duration of the developmental period of each stage of life cycle as the concentration of CO2 increases. However, the life span of the adult moth was significantly lower under the elevated CO2 concentrations when compared with ambient CO2 concentration. Morphometric parameters viz., mean length, width and weight of each larval instar, pupa and adult were found to be significantly higher in elevated concentrations of CO2 as compared to ambient concentration.

Evidences for newer insecticides and growth regulators resistance in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Karnataka, India

The prominence of Helicoverpaarmigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) averse insecticide resistance was traversed in the course of 2017 in Karnataka, India. The results divulged typical resistance level prostrating in selected newer insecticides, even though exiguous higher resistance airing in insect growth regulator Novaluranwith LC 50 of and 13.02 to 18.07 ppm and 1.17 to 1.95 folds resistance) compared to newer group insecticides Spinasad, Indoxacarb, Flubendiamide, and Rynaxypyr (3.57 to 10.19 ppm, 1.01 to 1.27 fold). Raichur and Kalaburgi strains comprehend higher resistance to Novaluran and newer insecticides with exception of Flubendiamide (Raichur and Vijayapura strains), respectively, and Spinosad (Kalaburgi and Raichur strains), respectively. The morphometric parameters of larval length, pupal length, and weight were most in RCH stain (2.75 cm, 1.76.18 cm, and 0.511 g, 0.309 g) respectively, which was pursued by Kalaburgi strain. The morphometric correlation revealed that larval length was a significant positive relation with insecticide resistance which might be an influence of resistance but not merely responsible. Among newer insecticides, a significant positive correlation between Rynaxypyr and Indoxacarb was evident, similarly, Nuvaluran with Indoxacarb and Rynaxypyr as well. Usage pattern revealed that 81.67 % of farmers found to use insecticides more than the recommended dose and 70.83% have habit consecutive applications of products from the same chemical group which bears witness to developing resistance.

Features of morphometric parameters of vessels in the human portal venous system identified by multislice computed tomography

The aim of this study was to identify the morphometric features of the human portal venous system by means of multislice computed tomography (MSCT).Materials and methods. A contrast X-ray study of the portal vein was carried out in 53 men who were treated in the surgical departments of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Hospital No. 1. The average age of the patients was 54.9 ± 1.7 years (36–71 years). Measurements were performed on 3D models of the vascular bed in the portal venous system (GE Advantage Workstation and Siemens singo.via workstations). Branching patterns, length, diameter, angle of the portal vein formation relative to the midline of the human body, and angles of formation of the vessels forming the portal vein in the frontal plane were evaluated.Results. Variations in the morphometric parameters of the intrahepatic vessels of the portal vein are obvious, although the branching patterns are not diverse and are reduced to one type – the magistral pattern (according to V.N. Shevkunenko). The veins that form the portal vein are represented by three systems, each of which has a stem and tributaries that differ in branching patterns and other morphological characteristics.Conclusion. The findings of the study made it possible to supplement the scientific materials regarding branching patterns and morphological characteristics of the portal vein and its tributaries as well as to use the morphometric characteristics of the superior and inferior mesenteric and splenic veins to resolve the issues of surgical intervention on the abdominal organs.

Prioritization of Soil Erosion-Susceptible Sub-Watersheds Using Multi-Criteria Decision Method in the Lesser Himalayas

Watersheds in the Lesser Himalayan region are highly susceptible to natural hazards, particularly those instigated by action and movement of water, such as soil erosion, flood, and mass movements of lands. Hilly watersheds with diversified land use and fragile ecosystems are responsible for accelerating soil erosion. Soil erosion is one of the most implicit hazards as it degrades water and soil quality in a watershed. The study prioritizes the soil erosion-susceptible zones in the Tons river watershed (India) in the Lesser Himalayan region. The interrelationships and role of morphometry, soil quality, slope, and land use together as four components in soil erosion are studied. Remote sensing data and multi-criteria decision method (MCDM) framework has been used to estimate soil erosion susceptibility of sub-watersheds. Results showed that morphometric parameters like elongation ratio and slope of sub-watersheds play a major role in determining the state of erosion.

Morphometric and Sub-Watershed Analysis of Taraka Watershed, H.D. Kote Taluk, Mysuru District, Karnataka, India using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

The current research work is an attempt to study of drainage area covering 429 sqkms comprising of 10 sub-watersheds they are namely Heggadadevanakote, Budanuru, Kodasige, Yedenhundi, Sunkadakatte, Nagarahole, Muruganahalli, Heggadapura, Kalhalla, Sarathihole. The research area has strong structural control shows that the 10 sub-basins named as the normal category. Different parameters of morphometric were used, Arc-Info and Arc -View GIS software was used to analysis the morphometric parameters and drainage characteristics, Sub-basin have been delineated by drainage pattern. The drainage pattern suggesting very coarse to coarse texture and the density explains the texture of drainage is related to coarse as geomorphic development their late youth stage and values suggest that Form factor, Circulatory ratio, Sub-basins are circular to elongated in shape.

Study of morphometry and land coverage to help urban planning in Barbosa and Barbosinha Brooks watershed, Lins - SP

Urbanization in hydrographic basins promotes changes in the hydrological cycle through the impermealized areas. Not only surface runoff is increased, reducing infiltration, but also the susceptibility to extreme hydrological events. The objective of this study is to analyze the natural susceptibility of Córregos Barbosa e Barbosinha (Barbosa and Barbosinha Brooks) watershed to flooding. Morphometric parameters of land use and occupation were analyzed, in order to subsidize management and planning in an area of urban expansion. The analysis of land use and occupation was based on the supervised classification method of Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager sensor (OLI) satellite images dated 1990, 2006 and 2020. Morphometric indices were calculated using the SPRING 5.4.3 software and a SRTM image with a spatial resolution of 30 meters. The results indicate that the natural susceptibility to flooding of the study area is medium to high, and can be intensified by the dynamics of land use and occupation and increasing impervious areas in the basin. Over the period of study, the growth of impervious areas was 133% relative to 1990.

A NEW FINDING OF A RARE FUNGUS PISOLITHUS ARHIZUS (BOLETALES, BASIDIOMYCOTA) ON THE TERRITORY OF ODESA REGION

Problem. The distribution of species from the Red Book of Ukraine has been studied insufficiently. This also applies to the rare fungus Pisolithus arhizus (Scop.) Rauschert. Therefore, the discovery of new habitats of rare species is relevant. Aim. The aim of the work is to characterize the new locality of P. arhizus from Odesa region, found on September 12, 2021. Methods. The site was found during a survey of the coast of the Tyligul estuary by a route method. The determination of the fungus was carried out according to the Determinant of fungi of Ukraine. Results. A new locality of P. arhizus was discovered on the bank of the Tyligul estuary in the vicinity of the village of Liubopol, Lyman district, Odesa region. This finding complements the information on the mycobiota of the regional landscape park "Tyligulskyi" (Odesa region). One carpophore was found, the morphometric parameters of which were known in the literature. It is possible that Pisolithus arhizus is a symbiont of cultured Juniperus sabina L.

Рeculiarities of Оrontium aquaticum l. introduction in «Sofiivka» National dendrological park of the NAS of Ukraine

As a result of the study it was determined that Orontium aquaticum L. under the conditions of the Right- Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine undergoes a full cycle of seasonal growth and development. The morphometric parameters of plants growing in well-lit areas practically do not differ from a natural ones. O. aquaticum reproduces both by seeds and vegetatively. Ten-year-old plants, up to 45 cm high, form about 85 green fruits from the pericarp with a diameter of 0.6 to 1.8 cm and a weight of 0.4 to 2.8 g. The seed productivity is 39.7%. According to the assessment, O. aquaticum belongs to promising and highly decorative species.