Matrimonial Strategies in Transylvania. Mihály Teleki’s First Marriage. “Remember: embittered hearts are healed with wine”

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Árpád-Botond György ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Social Event ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Upward Social Mobility

"The wedding and the marriage was a very important stage of early modern society life, it was not only a social event, but the boundary between childhood and adulthood. For a noble like Mihály Teleki, successful marriage helped to develop in administration and to improve economic resources. To Mihály Teleki marriage is an opportunity of upward social mobility. In this paper we discuss about these matrimonial strategies and we identify their meanings. Keywords: Mihály Teleki, early modern society, matrimonial strategies, Transylvania "

scholarly journals Dutch trade and patronage networks as facilitators of transcontinental mobility in early modern Russia and the VOC Cape

Historia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
B. Gorelik ◽  
G.J. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
East India Company ◽  
High Status ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Identity Transformations

The Swellengrebels were the most important family at the Cape under Dutch East India Company (VOC) rule to become members of the Netherlands governing elite. Hendrik Swellengrebel was the colony's only locally-born governor, while his father and other members of the family at the Cape were born in Russia. Their migration between Europe, Africa and Asia reflected the development and functioning of the Dutch trade and patrimonial networks. Even on the periphery, at the Cape and among Dutch expatriates in Russia, those networks provided opportunities for overseas employment and upward social mobility. The case of the Swellengrebels shows that not only goods but also people could make their way from Russia to the Cape and the VOC Asia. Patronage enabled both spatial and upward social mobility. Keeping mutually beneficial relations with influential patrons such as Nicolaes Witsen, members of the Swellengrebel family navigated their way within the Dutch trade networks and achieved prosperity and a high status in such culturally diverse societies as Russia and the Cape. The social advancement, identity transformations and transcontinental migrations of the Swellengrebel family demonstrate the materiality of transcontinental patrimonial networks in the early modern period.

Sayyids of Hadhramaut in Early Modern India

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Khalidi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Medieval India ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Modern Era

AbstractEthnic Arab communities in medieval India originate mainly from the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf. Among these Arabs, the ones that gained widespread fame within India and abroad were the Sayyids of Hadhramaut, descendants of Prophet Muhammad, through his daughter Fatima. Many of these Hadhrami Sayyids achieved rapid upward social mobility in India through their ascribed status as the Prophet's descendants, as exemplars of good Muslims, and as preachers and teachers of Islam in a non-Muslim environment. However, migration to India at the dawn of the modern era heralded changes in their traditional status and occupation. The sources of this article are primary works in Arabic, Persian and, Urdu, supplemented with interviews and field observations.

scholarly journals The Alchemist and Medieval Faerie Romance

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-226
Author(s):  
Steve Bull
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Early Modern Literature ◽  
Early Modern Drama ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
Medieval Romance ◽  
Midsummer Night's Dream ◽  
Romance Convention

In The Alchemist, Doll's faerie queen is frequently interpreted by critics as representative of Jonson's scepticism toward folkloric belief and superstition. The supernatural-monarch-come-prostitute who appears before Dapper the clerk is thought to be drawn from contemporary accounts of cozeners who would claim to be in contact with the faerie realm in order to part gullible patrons from their money. Jonson's faerie queen thus fits into wider critical discussions on the nature of faeries in Early Modern drama, in which faeries are frequently defined as deriving from rural and domestic folkloric tradition. However, whilst there is certainly some truth to the significance of folklore in representations of faeries on the early modern stage (see Shakespeare's Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream, for example), such arguments have a tendency to downplay the significance of romance in Early Modern society and the ongoing influence of medieval romance convention in the way that faeries are incorporated into Early Modern literature and drama. This essay focuses on The Alchemist as an example of the continued importance of romance in shaping the themes and motifs that are associated with Early Modern faeries. Doll's faerie queen appears as part of a con enacted by the three cozeners, but her role and appearance still draw on certain romance motifs that equate faeries with wealth, aristocracy, and the testing of human morality. Through recognising a connection to romance in Jonson's work, this essay questions how we might better appreciate the meaning of The Alchemist's faerie queen episodes. Jonson, without relinquishing his sceptical approach to the supernatural, uses these motifs as a way of exploring themes of greed, social mobility, and new wealth, themes that permeate throughout the play and throughout his work as a whole.

scholarly journals Why do inequality and deprivation produce high crime and low trust?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît De Courson ◽  
Daniel Nettle
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Mutual Advantage ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Current Resource ◽  
Optimal Action ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Model Features

AbstractHumans sometimes cooperate to mutual advantage, and sometimes exploit one another. In industrialised societies, the prevalence of exploitation, in the form of crime, is related to the distribution of economic resources: more unequal societies tend to have higher crime, as well as lower social trust. We created a model of cooperation and exploitation to explore why this should be. Distinctively, our model features a desperation threshold, a level of resources below which it is extremely damaging to fall. Agents do not belong to fixed types, but condition their behaviour on their current resource level and the behaviour in the population around them. We show that the optimal action for individuals who are close to the desperation threshold is to exploit others. This remains true even in the presence of severe and probable punishment for exploitation, since successful exploitation is the quickest route out of desperation, whereas being punished does not make already desperate states much worse. Simulated populations with a sufficiently unequal distribution of resources rapidly evolve an equilibrium of low trust and zero cooperation: desperate individuals try to exploit, and non-desperate individuals avoid interaction altogether. Making the distribution of resources more equal or increasing social mobility is generally effective in producing a high cooperation, high trust equilibrium; increasing punishment severity is not.

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