Studies in Efficiency: Categorizing Efficiency of Schizophrenics and Normals

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1211-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
Payoff Matrices

It was hypothesized that schizophrenics would adapt their categorizing behavior to meet the demands imposed by payoff matrices less efficiently than normals. In addition, efficiency theory was compared to the over-inclusion hypothesis. 30 schizophrenics and 30 normals categorized a rapidly presented array as containing either 20 or 22 dots under each of 6 conditions determined by 3 matrices and 2 directions of S's attention One matrix required accuracy, one a bias toward 20 dots, and one a bias toward 22 dots. Ss earned money depending on how well they met the demands of the matrices. The predicted interaction between degree of psychopathology and ability to adapt categorizing behavior to meet the demands set by payoff matrices was observed. Normals earned more money than schizophrenics. Schizophrenics were not more inclusive in a category, if their attention was directed to that category, than normals.

Non-compete Agreements, Wages and Efficiency: Theory and Evidence from Brazilian Football

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Guimaraes ◽  
Joao Paulo Pessoa ◽  
Vladimir P. Ponczek
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Theory

Anxiety, Processing Efficiency, and Cognitive Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Derakshan ◽  
Michael W. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Performance Effectiveness ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Attentional Control Theory ◽  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Switching Attention

There have been many attempts to account theoretically for the effects of anxiety on cognitive performance. This article focuses on two theories based on insights from cognitive psychology. The more recent is the attentional control theory ( Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, 2007 ), which developed from the earlier processing efficiency theory ( Eysenck & Calvo, 1992 ). Both theories assume there is a fundamental distinction between performance effectiveness (quality of performance) and processing efficiency (the relationship between performance effectiveness and use of processing resources), and that anxiety impairs processing efficiency more than performance effectiveness. Both theories also assume that anxiety impairs the efficiency of the central executive component of the working memory system. In addition, attentional control theory assumes that anxiety impairs the efficiency of two types of attentional control: (1) negative attentional control (involved in inhibiting attention to task-irrelevant stimuli); and (2) positive attentional control (involved in flexibly switching attention between and within tasks to maximize performance). Recent (including unpublished) research relevant to theoretical predictions from attentional control theory is discussed. In addition, future directions for theory and research in the area of anxiety and performance are presented.

scholarly journals Risk Return Performance of Bitcoin and Alternative Investment Assets in Mixed Asset Portfolios in the Years 2018 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
David Elferich
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
Asset Classes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Institutional Finance

Research background: Since the financial crisis in 2008, numerous other cryptocurrencies have established themselves in the financial industry alongside Bitcoin. Although the validity of the user cases is still lacking, Bitcoin is already being used extensively in the institutional finance sector, among others. Here, the comparison of Bitcoin to other asset classes in mixed portfolio structures must be taken into account. According to the latter, far-reaching areas of investigation emerge by adding Bitcoin in the evaluation of risk-return ratios of mixed portfolio weightings. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to examine, within the framework of Harry Markowitz’s efficiency theory, the impact of including Bitcoin as an investment asset for the risk-return ratios of mixed portfolio structures. Methods: The statistical analysis is based, among other things, on paired sample tests, where the return and volatility values are tested for significant differences in the selected test values. Findings & Value added: The statistical investigations show that the introduction of Bitcoin leads to advantageous return structures, but at the same time to significantly increased volatility values of the examined portfolio constellations. Setting a regional focus of the investment assets in the investigations led to a simplified evaluation basis and at the same time offers the scientific space for further investigations.

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