CONTEMPLATION OF SYMBIOTIC MICROBIAL BIOFILMS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

State of symbiosis is created among the species that are found in naturally existing biofilms. Biofilm formation provides protection against toxic shocks, mechanical stress, and predation. Biofilm can play an important role in wastewater treatment technologies and on the other hand could also lead to plague water. Biofilm-based treatments have been traditionally used for the treatment of water but the recent development in the stream has boosted the use of biofilm in various strategies of waste water treatment especially for strategies related to BOD and nutrients. However, the blueprint and execution of this idea is still being worked on due to the problems which arise in the implementation such as corroding pipes, increasing head loss, allowing pathogens to persist in distribution systems, and fouling membrane processes. Design for choice of species for biofilm processes in particular techniques is important wastewater treatment. All these data are essential to develop the performance, effectiveness and constancy of biofilm-based wastewater treatment strategies.

Aircrew Actual vs. Prescriptive Sleep Schedules and Resulting Fatigue Estimates

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is an insidious and costly occurrence in the aviation community, commonly a consequence of insufficient sleep. Some organizations use scheduling tools to generate prescriptive sleep schedules to help aircrew manage their fatigue. It is important to examine whether aircrew follow these prescriptive schedules, especially in very dynamic environments. The current study compares aircrew sleep during missions to prescriptive sleep schedules generated by a mission scheduling tool. METHODS: Participating in the study were 44 volunteers (Mage= 28.23, SDage= 4.23; Proportionmale= 77.27%) from a C-17 mobility squadron providing 25 instances of sleep and mission data (80 flights total). Aircrew wore actigraph watches to measure sleep during missions and prescriptive sleep schedules were collected. Actual and prescriptive sleep was compared with calculated performance effectiveness values per minute across mission flights. RESULTS: Prescriptive schedules generally overestimated effectiveness during missions relative to estimated actual sleep, potentially causing shifts in effectiveness to ranges of increased risk requiring elevated fatigue mitigation efforts. Actual and prescriptive effectiveness estimates tended to increasingly diverge over the course of missions, which magnifies differences on longer missions. DISCUSSION: The current study suggests that aircrew sleep during missions often does not align with prescriptive sleep schedules generated by mission planning software, resulting in effectiveness estimates that are generally lower than predicted. This might discourage aircrew from using mission effectiveness graphs as a fatigue mitigation tool. Additionally, because fatigue estimates factor into overall operational risk management processes, these schedules might underestimate risks to safety, performance, and health. Morris MB, Veksler BZ, Krusmark MA, Gaines AR, Jantscher HL, Gunzelmann G. Aircrew actual vs. prescriptive sleep schedules and resulting fatigue estimates. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(10):806814.

Applying test case prioritization to software microbenchmarks

Regression testing comprises techniques which are applied during software evolution to uncover faults effectively and efficiently. While regression testing is widely studied for functional tests, performance regression testing, e.g., with software microbenchmarks, is hardly investigated. Applying test case prioritization (TCP), a regression testing technique, to software microbenchmarks may help capturing large performance regressions sooner upon new versions. This may especially be beneficial for microbenchmark suites, because they take considerably longer to execute than unit test suites. However, it is unclear whether traditional unit testing TCP techniques work equally well for software microbenchmarks. In this paper, we empirically study coverage-based TCP techniques, employing total and additional greedy strategies, applied to software microbenchmarks along multiple parameterization dimensions, leading to 54 unique technique instantiations. We find that TCP techniques have a mean APFD-P (average percentage of fault-detection on performance) effectiveness between 0.54 and 0.71 and are able to capture the three largest performance changes after executing 29% to 66% of the whole microbenchmark suite. Our efficiency analysis reveals that the runtime overhead of TCP varies considerably depending on the exact parameterization. The most effective technique has an overhead of 11% of the total microbenchmark suite execution time, making TCP a viable option for performance regression testing. The results demonstrate that the total strategy is superior to the additional strategy. Finally, dynamic-coverage techniques should be favored over static-coverage techniques due to their acceptable analysis overhead; however, in settings where the time for prioritzation is limited, static-coverage techniques provide an attractive alternative.

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTRIC TRAIN DRIVERS PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

Electric train driver work requires visual, auditory, tactile systems functioning high level, as well as mentality. These requirements caused the study directed to analyze the professional performance effectiveness these indicators, psychophysiological parameters including, for training and retraining in train driver (assistant train driver) profession. The research was carried out in the base of the training centers of professional qualifications of JSC «Russian Railways», 106 people were examined (age 27.2± 5.4 years) who were trained to perform all operations under work as train driver: first theoretically, then practically by special simulators use. There were evaluated: cardiovascular system state, complex visual-motor reaction time, «Landolt Ring» correction test as well as psychological methods of personal properties testing: reflection, self-regulation of behavior; the method of differentiated assessment of working capacity reduced. The dependence of working capacity of factor’s complex are determined. There are: organism’s functional state, psycho-emotional strain, adaptation mechanisms, motivational involvement, and target aspiration. Based on obtained data a set of promising methods has been determined to identify the possibility of reliable of driver operation and adjustment of his activities aimed at improving self-regulation skills as one of the main criteria for reliability of work.

The Performance of Performance Appraisal Systems: A Theoretical Framework for Public Organizations

Performance appraisal (PA) plays a strategic role in public sector human resource management (HRM), acting as a driver for better performance. Drawing from previous theoretical research on the social context of performance appraisal systems and their effectiveness, the study develops a generalizable theoretical framework for classifying performance appraisal systems according to their structural and process proximal variables: purpose, rating source, and structured face-to-face feedback sessions. Through a multiple case study analysis, the theoretical framework has been applied to a sample of Italian PA systems for senior civil servants, aiming to explore the relationship between the structural and process proximal variables of PA systems and rating discriminability, intended as a measurement of performance effectiveness. The results show that the framework accurately represents the variation of the design of performance appraisal systems in the Italian context, highlighting the central role played by multi-source feedback and face-to-face rater-ratee interactions in promoting rating discriminability.

The Effect Of Clearance Of Budget Targets, Competency Of Village Government Apparatus, Performance Effectiveness Of Friends, And Community Engagement On The Accountability Of Village Fund Management With Internal Control System As A Variable

This study aims to determine Moderation Role of the Internal Control System in Influencing Clarity ofxBudget Targets, Competence of Village Government Apparatuses, Effectiveness of Facilitator Performance, and Community Involvement in Village Fund Management Accountability. Puposive Sampling was used as a sampling technique in this study by distributing questionnaires to 15 village in Buduran Distric, Regency with a total of 68 respondents. The data analysis techique used the Outer Model to determine the validity of the valid and reliable research, while the Inner Model was used to verify the hypothesis in this study with the help of the SmartPLS. This study results that the variables of Clarity of Budget Targets, Competence ofxVillage Government Apparatuses, and Community Involvement have no effect on Village Fund Management Accountability, while the Facilitator Performance Effectiveness variable affects Village FundxManagement Accountability. In moderation in this study, the Internal Control System variable is not able to moderate the relationship between Clarity of Budget Goals, Competence of Village Government Apparatuses Effectiveness of Facilitator Performance, and Community Involvement with Village FundxManagement Accountability.

Review of Existing Methods for Evaluating Adhesive Bonds in Timber Products

Gluing is an integral part of the majority of production processes in the timber industry. The effectiveness of adhesive application, glue bond development and glue penetration into the wood structure is becoming more and more important as more structural glued timber products are used in construction and other applications. The continued increase in utilisation of mass timber products (MTPs) such as CLT, glulam and LVL in tall timber buildings requires an accurate and in-depth understanding of adhesive roles and their performance effectiveness during the life span of any of those products in relation to the type of loading applied, environmental effects (e.g. RH and temperature) and in-service condition of elements (e.g. exposure to major wet events and degradation from decay). This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of existing imaging and other visualisation methods used to assess the glue line properties and examine the performance of glue lines in relation to factors such as species, product type and environmental conditions during manufacture and in-service life.

Design Of Tracer Using Microsoft Access Unit In Medical Record Primary Health In Padang

Microsoft Access (also known as Access) is an application used to process databases. The implementation of storage at the Primary Health Center is still manual if the patient's medical record file is not found on the storage shelf, the officer will make a temporary file which will cause the accumulation of files on the shelf. There is still a misplaced medical record file (Missfile) due to the absence of a tracer being stored as a control for releasing medical record files and borrowing medical record files. The purpose of this research is how to design a tracer using Microsoft Access in the medical record unit at Primary Health Center, Padang. This research is about designing a tracer in the medical record unit at Primary Health Center in Padang. This type of research is Research and Development, conducting in-depth interviews, observation, and testing at the storage area and interviews with 1 head of administration, 1 head of medical records, and 2 storage officers. This research was conducted from 25 July to 2 August 2019 at Padang Primary Health Center. Based on the research results, it was found that the identification of tracer data elements in a computerized manner was more complete in implementing the application by developing the UML (Unified Modeling Language) method, namely by using use case diagrams and activity diagrams, as well as data flow diagrams. Efficiency is obtained by means of manually, 1 and computerized 3.5 so that the tracer efficiency is more computerized while the effectiveness is in accordance with what the officers expect. The conclusion in this study found that the officers were satisfied and the application was as expected because it was easy to use. Judging from the test results, this tracer application can be used, seen from the expectations and satisfaction of the officers, the data is appropriate and can improve performance, effectiveness, and efficiency in service. Therefore, the researchers hope that this application can be implemented in services and developed again in the future.