EEG Correlates of Behavioural Laterality: Ear Dominance

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Papousek ◽  
Günter Schulter
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Ear Dominance ◽  
Eeg Laterality

To examine whether ear dominance in a dichotic pitch-discrimination task is associated with asymmetrical activation of the two cortical hemispheres, ear dominance scores and electroencephalographic (EEG) laterality were correlated in two independent samples ( ns = 46 and 128). The results indicate that ear dominance can partly be attributed to a relatively stronger activation of the contralateral prefrontal cortex. The observed association may reflect the tendency to direct attention preferably to one ear.

Alcohol and Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. RUNDELL ◽  
HAROLD L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Alcohol Dose ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Accuracy Tradeoff ◽  
And Task

Performance on two auditory choice reaction time (RT) tasks was studied in a group of 12 subjects under the influence of graded doses of ethyl alcohol ranging from placebo to 1 g/kg body weight. Deadline procedures were employed in a side discrimination and a pitch discrimination task to permit the calculation of speed-accuracy tradeoff functions (accuracy versus RT). Accuracy declined as a function of dose, but alcohol did not significantly influence RT. Conversely, accuracy was not affected by task; but the pitch discrimination task required an average of 88 ms more time than the side task. Alcohol dose and task produced independent effects on the speed-accuracy tradeoff function. As dose increased, the slope of the tradeoff function declined; but slopes were equivalent for the two tasks. On the other hand, the x-intercept (where accuracy equals chance levels) was 90 ms greater for the pitch task than for the side task.

Cortical Activation during a Pitch Discrimination Task in Tinnitus Patients and Controls – An fMRI Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Peter Wunderlich ◽  
Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona ◽  
Robert Christian Wolf ◽  
Kristina Dorn ◽  
Edgar Bachor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Fmri Study

Tonal Expectations Influence Early Pitch Processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 3095-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Marmel ◽  
Fabien Perrin ◽  
Barbara Tillmann
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Attentional Selection ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Musical Note ◽  
Pitch Processing ◽  
Selection Of

The present study investigated the ERP correlates of the influence of tonal expectations on pitch processing. Participants performed a pitch discrimination task between penultimate and final tones of melodies. These last two tones were a repetition of the same musical note, but penultimate tones were always in tune whereas final tones were slightly out of tune in half of the trials. The pitch discrimination task allowed us to investigate the influence of tonal expectations in attentive listening and, for penultimate tones, without being confounded by decisional processes (occurring on final tones). Tonal expectations were manipulated by a tone change in the first half of the melodies that changed their tonality, hence changing the tonal expectedness of penultimate and final tones without modifying them acoustically. Manipulating tonal expectations with minimal acoustic changes allowed us to focus on the cognitive expectations based on listeners' knowledge of tonal structures. For penultimate tones, tonal expectations modulated processing within the first 100 msec after onset resulting in an Nb/P1 complex that differed in amplitude between tonally related and less related conditions. For final tones, out-of-tune tones elicited an N2/P3 complex and, on in-tune tones only, tonal manipulation elicited an ERAN/RATN-like negativity overlapping with the N2. Our results suggest that cognitive tonal expectations can influence pitch perception at several steps of processing, starting with early attentional selection of pitch.

Interference in Immediate Spatial Memory: Shifts of Spatial Attention or Central executive Involvement?

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Christoph Klauer ◽  
Ralf Stegmaier
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Interference Condition ◽  
Memory Experiment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spatial Interference

Interference in serial spatial memory was investigated in six experiments. Experiment 1 replicated Experiment 2 by Smyth and Scholey (1994) in showing that listening to tones that originated from different directions interfered with spatial memory. Experiment 2 showed, however, that the effect of mere listening was not observed when this was the only interference condition experienced by the subject. In Experiment 3, a binary pitch discrimination task performed on spatially separated tones impaired recall performance to the same extent as did left-right decisions. The same disrupting effect was also observed when the tones were presented from the same direction in the pitch discrimination task (Experiment 4) as well as in a binary loudness discrimination task (Experiment 5). Finally, repeating heard words did not interfere, whereas a pitch discrimination performed on these same words disrupted recall (Experiment 6). It is argued that the disrupting effects reflect not a specifically spatial interference, but a central executive involvement in the rehearsal process in serial spatial memory.

scholarly journals Distinct Spiking Patterns of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons and LFP Oscillations in Prefrontal Cortex During Sensory Discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-an Tseng ◽  
Xue Han
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Discrimination ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
Excitatory Neurons ◽  
Spike Waveforms

Prefrontal cortex (PFC) are broadly linked to various aspects of behavior. During sensory discrimination, PFC neurons can encode a range of task related information, including the identity of sensory stimuli and related behavioral outcome. However, it remains largely unclear how different neuron subtypes and local field potential (LFP) oscillation features in the mouse PFC are modulated during sensory discrimination. To understand how excitatory and inhibitory PFC neurons are selectively engaged during sensory discrimination and how their activity relates to LFP oscillations, we used tetrode recordings to probe well-isolated individual neurons, and LFP oscillations, in mice performing a three-choice auditory discrimination task. We found that a majority of PFC neurons, 78% of the 711 recorded individual neurons, exhibited sensory discrimination related responses that are context and task dependent. Using spike waveforms, we classified these responsive neurons into putative excitatory neurons with broad waveforms or putative inhibitory neurons with narrow waveforms, and found that both neuron subtypes were transiently modulated, with individual neurons’ responses peaking throughout the entire duration of the trial. While the number of responsive excitatory neurons remain largely constant throughout the trial, an increasing fraction of inhibitory neurons were gradually recruited as the trial progressed. Further examination of the coherence between individual neurons and LFPs revealed that inhibitory neurons exhibit higher spike-field coherence with LFP oscillations than excitatory neurons during all aspects of the trial and across multiple frequency bands. Together, our results demonstrate that PFC excitatory neurons are continuously engaged during sensory discrimination, whereas PFC inhibitory neurons are increasingly recruited as the trial progresses and preferentially coordinated with LFP oscillations. These results demonstrate increasing involvement of inhibitory neurons in shaping the overall PFC dynamics toward the completion of the sensory discrimination task.

Prefrontal cortex lesions and scopolamine impair attention performance of C57BL/6 mice in a novel 2-choice visual discrimination task

2009 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Dillon ◽  
Delia Shelton ◽  
A.P. McKinney ◽  
Michael Caniga ◽  
Jacob N. Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Visual Discrimination Task ◽  
Attention Performance

scholarly journals Pupillary responses in a pitch-discrimination task

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hahnemann ◽  
Jackson Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Pupillary Responses
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document