Reserpine and the Partial Reinforcement Effect in the Fish Tilapia H. Macrocephala

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Haralson ◽  
Joseph J. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Variable Ratio Schedule ◽  
Free Operant

A strong partial reinforcement effect was produced in 20 fish trained to a free operant striking response by injection of reserpine before extinction of the response. This was interpreted as a result of inhibition of responding during extinction of 20 Ss trained on a consistent schedule of reinforcement rather than facilitation of responding in Ss trained on a .4 variable ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Effect of Partial Reinforcement on the Extinction of a Blocked Response

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack I. Bradley ◽  
Walter A. Nagle ◽  
Girard V. Smith ◽  
Peter R. Welgan
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Extinction

These experiments assessed (a) the Partial Reinforcement Effect (PRE) when extinction was measured by the perseverative behavior following the blocking of a learned maze route and (b) the effects of two conditions of partial extinction on the same perseverative behavior. Initial training of the rat Ss varied in both number of trials and reinforcement schedule. Perseverative behavior was evaluated by recording cumulative errors. The results indicated that the perseverative behavior increased with an increase in the number of training trials. Perseverative behavior was also observed to be greatest following 100% rather than a ratio schedule of reinforcement, a fixed ratio resulting in greater perseveration than a variable ratio. When 10 nonreinforced trials or 10 nonreinforced goal placements followed 100% reinforced training, the perseverative behavior following blocking was reduced. These results indicate that the typical PRE which has been observed (when the extinction series includes the performance of the instrumental act) is dependent on the stimulus cues provided by the change in reinforcement schedule.

Note on Frustration Theory and the Partial Reinforcement Effect following a Few Acquisition Trials

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
A. M. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Acquisition Training ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Frustration Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Early Acquisition

Frustration theory (Amsel, 1958) is unable to explain partial reinforcement effects following limited acquisition training. It is suggested that attempts to explain these findings may have implications for conditioning theories in general, and that more attention should be given to the early acquisition process.

Resistance to Extinction: A Test of the Discrimination Hypothesis

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Dubanoski ◽  
Howard R. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Discrimination Hypothesis

To test the discrimination hypothesis of the partial reinforcement effect in extinction, partial or continuous reinforcement trials were interpolated between the initial training trials of partial or continuous reinforcement and the extinction period. 112 children from Grades 2 and 3 participated in one of four conditions. Children receiving two consecutive blocks of partial reinforcement showed the greatest resistance to extinction, children receiving two consecutive blocks of continuous reinforcement showed the weakest resistance, and those receiving partial reinforcement followed by continuous reinforcement or vice versa showed intermediate levels of resistance. Discrimination between training and extinction does not seem to be the critical factor involved in the partial reinforcement effect. The results were discussed in terms of a stimulus analyzer or a sequential analysis model.

scholarly journals PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT EFFECT IN HUMAN LEARNING

1977 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
MASATO ISHIDA ◽  
SUMIKO NAKAMARU ◽  
YOSHIMASA HABU ◽  
KATSUTOSHI NAKATSUKA ◽  
HIROSHI YOSHIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Human Learning ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforcement Effect

N-Length and Intertrial Reward

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean L. Fixsen ◽  
Susan Swick Mc Bee ◽  
Patrick E. Campbell ◽  
Charles M. Crumbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Reward ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

2 experiments investigating the effects of intertrial reward on resistance to extinction following partial reward schedules containing N-lengths (number of consecutive nonrewards preceding a rewarded trial) of 1, 2, or 3. It was found that intertrial rewards completely eliminated the partial reinforcement effect for all N-lengths when run times were considered but had no effect on goal times. These data were discussed in terms of their relevance to the modified aftereffects hypothesis and previous investigations of intertrial reward.

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