N-Length and Intertrial Reward

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean L. Fixsen ◽  
Susan Swick Mc Bee ◽  
Patrick E. Campbell ◽  
Charles M. Crumbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Reward ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

2 experiments investigating the effects of intertrial reward on resistance to extinction following partial reward schedules containing N-lengths (number of consecutive nonrewards preceding a rewarded trial) of 1, 2, or 3. It was found that intertrial rewards completely eliminated the partial reinforcement effect for all N-lengths when run times were considered but had no effect on goal times. These data were discussed in terms of their relevance to the modified aftereffects hypothesis and previous investigations of intertrial reward.

Resistance to Extinction: A Test of the Discrimination Hypothesis

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Dubanoski ◽  
Howard R. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Discrimination Hypothesis

To test the discrimination hypothesis of the partial reinforcement effect in extinction, partial or continuous reinforcement trials were interpolated between the initial training trials of partial or continuous reinforcement and the extinction period. 112 children from Grades 2 and 3 participated in one of four conditions. Children receiving two consecutive blocks of partial reinforcement showed the greatest resistance to extinction, children receiving two consecutive blocks of continuous reinforcement showed the weakest resistance, and those receiving partial reinforcement followed by continuous reinforcement or vice versa showed intermediate levels of resistance. Discrimination between training and extinction does not seem to be the critical factor involved in the partial reinforcement effect. The results were discussed in terms of a stimulus analyzer or a sequential analysis model.

Effects of Partial Reinforcement on Speed of Approach Responses in Goldfish (Carassius Auratus)

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Boitano ◽  
Mary Day Foskett
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Straight Alley ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Distributed Practice ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

Under widely distributed practice in a straight alley, partially reinforced goldfish did not exhibit greater resistance to extinction than consistently reinforced animals. The relative influence of equating trials or reinforcements in generating the partial reinforcement effect could not be evaluated since the partially reinforced Ss were significantly less resistant than either the equated-reinforcement Ss or the equated-trials Ss.

Effect of Prior Rewarded Goal-Box Placements on Small-Trials Partial-Reinforcement Effect

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-669
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Reward ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Acquisition Performance ◽  
Schedule Condition ◽  
Continuous Reward

The study was designed to test three hypotheses of the small-trials partial-reinforcement effect. Seventy-two hooded rats received either continuous reward or partial reward for 6 acquisition trials in a runway. Prior to acquisition, an equal number of Ss in each schedule condition were given 0, 5, or 10 rewarded goal-box placements. A strong small-trials partial-reinforcement effect was evident. There was an effect of placements on both initial and terminal acquisition-performance, indicating that rg–sg was preconditioned to goal-box cues. However, this preconditioned rg–sg failed to influence persistence of responding during extinction. The extinction results are contrary to two frustration analyses but do not contradict an analysis of aftereffects.

Partial Reinforcement Effect under Odor Control

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Prytula ◽  
Cecil C. Bridges ◽  
H. R. Anderson ◽  
Larry C. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Straight Runway ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Odor Control ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Schedule ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

4 groups ( ns = 10) of albino rats were given 40 acquisition and 25 extinction trials in a straight runway under one of the following conditions: (1) continuous reinforcement with an exhaust fan operative; (2) continuous reinforcement with exhaust fan operating but blocked from exhausting; (3) partial reinforcement with exhaust fan operating but blocked, and (4) partial reinforcement with exhaust fan operative. The results imply that exhausting odor(s) under a partial schedule increases running speeds during acquisition and resistance to extinction. The study points to important methodological implications for partial reinforcement research.

Persistent Behaviour in Extinction after Partial Deprivation in Training

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. M. Morris ◽  
D. F. Einon ◽  
M. J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Reward ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deprivation Schedule ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Continuous Reward

Four groups of rats were trained to run an alleyway with one trial per day. Two groups were always deprived when trained while the other two received a partial deprivation schedule. One group of each pair received a continuous reward in the goal box while the other received partial reward. A partial reinforcement effect was found during extinction. The partially deprived groups also showed persistence in extinction. This result extends parallels between the effects of satiation and nonreward upon behaviour.

Note on Frustration Theory and the Partial Reinforcement Effect following a Few Acquisition Trials

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
A. M. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Acquisition Training ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Frustration Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Early Acquisition

Frustration theory (Amsel, 1958) is unable to explain partial reinforcement effects following limited acquisition training. It is suggested that attempts to explain these findings may have implications for conditioning theories in general, and that more attention should be given to the early acquisition process.

scholarly journals PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT EFFECT IN HUMAN LEARNING

1977 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
MASATO ISHIDA ◽  
SUMIKO NAKAMARU ◽  
YOSHIMASA HABU ◽  
KATSUTOSHI NAKATSUKA ◽  
HIROSHI YOSHIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Human Learning ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforcement Effect
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