scholarly journals Delayed reinforcement: Effect of a brief signal on behavior maintained by a variable-ratio schedule

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph W. Richards ◽  
Douglas B. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Delayed Reinforcement ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Variable Ratio Schedule

Reserpine and the Partial Reinforcement Effect in the Fish Tilapia H. Macrocephala

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Haralson ◽  
Joseph J. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Variable Ratio Schedule ◽  
Free Operant

A strong partial reinforcement effect was produced in 20 fish trained to a free operant striking response by injection of reserpine before extinction of the response. This was interpreted as a result of inhibition of responding during extinction of 20 Ss trained on a consistent schedule of reinforcement rather than facilitation of responding in Ss trained on a .4 variable ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Effects of Size of Variable Ratio Schedule on Disinhibition

1969 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Melvin ◽  
Alfred A. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Variable Ratio Schedule

Students' Expectations Involving Parents' Contact Comfort, Duration of Child's Appropriate Behavior, and Child's Age

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Lula A. Beatty ◽  
Donald L. King
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Primary Reinforcement ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Response Requirement ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
Variable Ratio Schedule ◽  
The Mean

College students (24 men, 24 women) expected parents to wait a longer time for a child to continue to exhibit an appropriate response before initiating contact comfort with the child as the child grows older. If college students' expectations reflect reality, the obtained result supports the suggestion that appropriate behavior by a child is followed by parents initiating contact comfort on a variable-ratio schedule in which the size of the mean ratio increases with an increase in the child's age. This suggestion is of considerable importance, mainly because gradually increasing the response requirement for a ratio schedule is an excellent way first to establish and then maintain a response in the long-term absence of primary reinforcement.

Effect of Partial Reinforcement on the Extinction of a Blocked Response

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack I. Bradley ◽  
Walter A. Nagle ◽  
Girard V. Smith ◽  
Peter R. Welgan
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Extinction

These experiments assessed (a) the Partial Reinforcement Effect (PRE) when extinction was measured by the perseverative behavior following the blocking of a learned maze route and (b) the effects of two conditions of partial extinction on the same perseverative behavior. Initial training of the rat Ss varied in both number of trials and reinforcement schedule. Perseverative behavior was evaluated by recording cumulative errors. The results indicated that the perseverative behavior increased with an increase in the number of training trials. Perseverative behavior was also observed to be greatest following 100% rather than a ratio schedule of reinforcement, a fixed ratio resulting in greater perseveration than a variable ratio. When 10 nonreinforced trials or 10 nonreinforced goal placements followed 100% reinforced training, the perseverative behavior following blocking was reduced. These results indicate that the typical PRE which has been observed (when the extinction series includes the performance of the instrumental act) is dependent on the stimulus cues provided by the change in reinforcement schedule.

Accuracy of self-monitoring on a variable ratio schedule of observer verification

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Layne ◽  
Henry C. Rickard ◽  
Mahlon T. Jones ◽  
Robert D. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Variable Ratio Schedule
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