UNESCO Strategy and Digital Policies for Teacher Training: The Deconstruction of Innovation in Spain

This paper examines initial teacher training policies in the context of youth digitalisation. Based on international ICT competency frameworks for teachers (UNESCO, 2008, 2019) and information literacy, MIL (UNESCO, 2011), we analyse how Spanish (public and private) universities represent digital innovation, and the identity practices of young people, linked to hyperconnectivity. Focusing on initial training received by future secondary teachers, the sample was selected according to the criteria of non-presential learning (online, distance, blended) applied in the teacher training process. Results confirm ongoing deficiencies in critical teacher digitalisation management, highlighting certain asymmetries between the categories constructed. Data reveals the prevalence of intervention more geared towards formal knowledge than towards decoding digital grammar (which is how digitalisation is used in education). The paper concludes by advocating convergence strategies as a circular mechanism that must underpin all teacher training policies in the age of hyperconnectivity.

Bokeh Effect Rendering with Vision Transformers

Bokeh effect is growing to be an important feature in photography, essentially to choose an object of interest to be in focus with the rest of the background being blurred. While naturally rendering this effect requires a DSLR with large diameter of aperture, with the current advancements in Deep Learning, this effect can also be produced in mobile cameras. Most of the existing methods use Convolutional Neural Networks while some relying on the depth map to render this effect. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end Vision Transformer model for Bokeh rendering of images from monocular camera. This architecture uses vision transformers as backbone, thus learning from the entire image rather than just the parts from the filters in a CNN. This property of retaining global information coupled with initial training of the model for image restoration before training to render the blur effect for the background, allows our method to produce clearer images and outperform the current state-of-the-art models on the EBB! Data set. The code to our proposed method can be found at: https://github.com/Soester10/ Bokeh-Rendering-with-Vision-Transformers.

Bokeh Effect Rendering with Vision Transformers

Bokeh effect is growing to be an important feature in photography, essentially to choose an object of interest to be in focus with the rest of the background being blurred. While naturally rendering this effect requires a DSLR with large diameter of aperture, with the current advancements in Deep Learning, this effect can also be produced in mobile cameras. Most of the existing methods use Convolutional Neural Networks while some relying on the depth map to render this effect. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end Vision Transformer model for Bokeh rendering of images from monocular camera. This architecture uses vision transformers as backbone, thus learning from the entire image rather than just the parts from the filters in a CNN. This property of retaining global information coupled with initial training of the model for image restoration before training to render the blur effect for the background, allows our method to produce clearer images and outperform the current state-of-the-art models on the EBB! Data set. The code to our proposed method can be found at: https://github.com/Soester10/ Bokeh-Rendering-with-Vision-Transformers.

Teaching Formation to Develop Computational Thinking

In order to develop computational thinking, it is essential to modify the initial training of teachers, that is to say, to restructure the curricula of the faculties or professional schools of education in any field or context it is going to be possible to identify areas of basic or general training and areas of specialized training. As well as reading or writing, computer thinking is currently essential because its application in any professional context is necessary.

Negative Stereotypes Towards Older People. A Study with Teachers in Initial Training

Objective. To describe whether there are stereotypes towards older adults by the group of teachers in initial training. Method. The approach was quantitative and not probabilistic through a statistical study with university students preparing to become primary school teachers in the Spanish education system. This training profile includes adult and senior education as an additional professional opportunity. The sample (n=110) has been selected among students of the Primary Education Degree. We have applied the Negative Stereotype Questionnaire for the Elderly (CENVE) and the Educational Stereotype Questionnaire for the Elderly (CEEAM). Results. We suggest that the respondents present some degree of stereotypes towards older adults; the stereotype is greater when we question the deterioration of memory and cognitive impairment in general. However, the data are positive, except that in the case of the health factor we found two items in which respondents reported a higher level of stereotyping. Conclusions. Based on these results, we conclude that it is necessary to work on stereotypical perceptions, especially with students pursuing careers related to education, since their professional performance can lead them to develop their teaching careers in adult and senior education. The education professions must be involved in improving quality of life, active aging, and lifelong learning through professional practice and the elimination of personal and societal stereotypes.

Representations and Realization of Written Planning of PSE Teachers in Tunisia

Planning is an act of anticipation carried out by the teacher during the pre-active phase to prioritize the pedagogical and didactic teaching approaches. On the other hand, in the teaching field, the teaching-learning situation is also complex to be identified by simple planning. In this study, we seek to explain the influence of gender and the seniority of physical education and sports (PSE) teachers on representations of written lesson planning and its management in the field. We collaborated with 20 PSE teachers and 10 trainee students in initial training in secondary schools. We filmed practical sessions and we carried out two types of interviews with the participants and we analyzed the content of the written plans of the participants in our experiment. Our results show that the professional seniority and the gender of the PSE teacher do not modulate the representations that are made of the written planning of the lesson. However, in practice, the teacher's representations of written planning are not always consistent with their realization on the ground. The difference between teachers' representations of the PSE teacher's written planning and their teaching practices is dependent on the professional seniority and gender of the acting person. The actions of the actor are shaped by the aspects inherent in the learning situation, the actions of the teacher are therefore contextualized.

A educação de jovens e adultos nas vozes de licenciandos (as) de Letras

Resumo Este artigo apresenta pesquisa enfocando os sentidos da formação inicial em Educação de Jovens e Adultos – EJA tendo por base as vozes de estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Letras da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, efetivou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica e com aplicação de questionário semiestruturado, com uma parte fechada e outra aberta, com respostas livres. Visou-se, com isso, a compreender quais sentidos da formação inicial se fazem presentes nas vozes de três licenciandos(as) do Curso de Letras que desenvolveram atividades na EJA. As reflexões sobre o tema foram referenciadas com base nos estudos de Dourado (2009) e Freire (1997, 2002, 2009), entre outros. Como principais resultados, destacam-se as aprendizagens destes acadêmicos e acadêmicas a partir das práticas desenvolvidas, como bolsistas do PIBID/ CAPES/UERGS, no Centro Municipal de Cultura Paulo Freire em Porto Alegre e as suas demandas de maior inserção de abordagens de EJA no currículo do Curso de Letras. Palavras-chave: PIBID-EJA; EJA na letras; vozes de licenciandos(as) de Letras; EJA no Rio Grande do Sul. Abstract This article presents a research focusing on the meanings of initial training in Youth and Adult Education - EJA (abbreviation in Portuguese), based on the voices of students from the Licentiate Degree Course in Languages at the State University of Rio Grande do Sul. For this purpose, a qualitative bibliographical research was carried out with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire, with a closed and an open part, with free answers. With this, the aim was to understand which meanings of initial training are present in the voices of three undergraduates of the Languages Course who developed activities in EJA. Reflections on the theme were referenced based on studies by Dourado (2009) and Freire (1997, 2002, 2009), among others. As main results, we highlight the learning of these academics from the practices developed, as scholarship holders from PIBID/ CAPES/UERGS, at the Paulo Freire Municipal Culture Center in Porto Alegre and their demands for greater inclusion of EJA approaches in the curriculum of Languages Course. Keywords: PIBID-EJA; EJA in languages; voices of undergraduate students of languages; EJA in Rio Grande Sul. Resumen Este artículo presenta una investigación centrada en los significados de la formación inicial en Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos - EJA, teniendo por base las voces de los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Letras de la Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul. Por lo tanto, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, bibliográfica y con aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado, con una parte cerrada y una parte abierta, con respuestas libres por parte de los participantes. Se buscó comprender qué significados de formación inicial están presentes en las voces de tres profesores con Licenciatura en el Curso de Letras que desarrollaron actividades en la EJA. Las reflexiones sobre el tema fueron referenciadas a partir de estudios de Dourado (2009) y Freire (1997, 2002, 2009), entre otros. Como principales resultados, destacamos el aprendizaje de estos académicos a partir de las prácticas desarrolladas como becarios de PIBID / CAPES / UERGS, en el Centro Municipal de Cultura Paulo Freire, en Porto Alegre, y de las demandas de mayor inclusión de los enfoques EJA en el currículo del Curso de Letras. Palabras clave: PIBID-EJA; EJA en Letras; voces de los licenciantes de letras; EJA en Rio Grande Sul.

Quantitative Geochemical Prediction from Spectral Measurements and Its Application to Spatially Dispersed Spectral Data

The efficacy of predicting geochemical parameters with a 2-chain workflow using spectral data as the initial input is evaluated. Spectral measurements spanning the approximate 400–25000 nm spectral range are used to train a workflow consisting of a non-negative matrix function (NMF) step, for data reduction, and a random forest regression (RFR) to predict eight geochemical parameters. Approximately 175,000 spectra with their corresponding chemical analysis were available for training, testing and validation purposes. The samples and their spectral and chemical parameters represent 9399 drillcore. Of those, approximately 20,000 spectra and their accompanying analysis were used for training and 5000 for model validation. The remaining pairwise data (150,000 samples) were used for testing of the method. The data are distributed over two large spatial extents (980 km2 and 3025 km2, respectively) and allowed the proposed method to be tested against samples that are spatially distant from the initial training points. Global R2 scores and wt.% RMSE on the 150,000 validation samples are Fe (0.95/3.01), SiO2 (0.96/3.77), Al2O3 (0.92/1.27), TiO (0.68/0.13), CaO (0.89/0.41), MgO (0.87/0.35), K2O (0.65/0.21) and LOI (0.90/1.14), given as Parameter (R2/RMSE), and demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of predicting the eight parameters and is stable enough, in the environment tested, to extend beyond the training sets initial spatial location.

COUNTERING CRIMINAL INCULTURATION OF CONVICTS IN DETENTION FACILITIES AS AN INDEPENDENT DIRECTION OF PENAL OFFICERS`ACTIVITY: NEW APPROACHES

В статье анализируется важность обучения сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы основам противодействия криминальной субкультуре в целях профилактики ее негативного распространения преступниками-профессионалами среди осужденных, грамотного противодействия рецидивистам и реализации качественной воспитательной работы с осужденными. Автор вносит ряд предложений: ввести в ведомственных вузах правоохранительной системы в качестве самостоятельного спецкурса дисциплину «Основы противодействия криминальной инкультурации в местах лишения свободы»; совершенствовать институт «шефства» над молодыми сотрудниками, а также курсы первоначальной подготовки и повышения квалификации. Воспитательная работа с осужденными не перестает нуждаться в особом внимании. Следует внедрять новые формы, методы и приемы воспитательной работы с осужденными или совершенствовать уже имеющиеся. Автор подчеркивает, что в современных условиях для эффективного осуществления служебной деятельности в дополнение к строгому соблюдению прав, запретов и обязанностей, содержащихся в ПВР, каждому сотруднику УИС следует применять профессиональную смекалку в общении с осужденными, которая была бы направлена, главным образом, на стимулирование их внутриличностных изменений в положительную сторону. The article analyzes the importance of training employees of the penitentiary system in the basics of the criminal subculture in order to prevent its negative spread by professional criminals among convicts, competent counteraction to recidivists and implementation of high-quality educational work with convicts. The author makes a number of proposals: to introduce the discipline «Fundamentals of countering criminal inculturation in places of deprivation of liberty» in departmental universities of the law enforcement system as an independent special course; to improve the institution of «patronage» over young employees, as well as initial training and advanced training courses. Educational work with convicts does not cease to need special attention. It is necessary to introduce new forms, methods and techniques of educational work with convicts or improve existing ones. The author emphasizes that in modern conditions, apparently, it is clearly not enough to think only within the framework of the rights, prohibitions, and duties prescribed in the PVR for the performance of official activities. In addition to this, each employee of the penal institution should use professional ingenuity in communicating with convicts, which would be aimed mainly at stimulating their intrapersonal changes in a positive way.

Accelerating the learning process of a neural network by predicting the weight coefficient

The purpose of this study is to analyze and implement the acceleration of the neural network learning process by predicting the weight coefficients. The relevance of accelerating the learning of neural networks is touched upon, as well as the possibility of using prediction models in a wide range of tasks where it is necessary to build fast classifiers. When data is received from the array of sensors of a chemical unit in real time, it is necessary to be able to predict changes and change the operating parameters. After assessment, this should be done as quickly as possible in order to promptly change the current structure and state of the resulting substances.. Work on speeding up classifiers usually focuses on speeding up the applied classifier. The calculation of the predicted values of the weight coefficients is carried out using the calculation of the value using the known prediction models. The possibility of the combined use of prediction models and optimization models was tested to accelerate the learning process of a neural network. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the effectiveness analysis of prediction models use in training neural networks. For the experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of prediction models use, the classification problem was chosen. To solve the experimental problem, the type of neural network “multilayer perceptron” was chosen. The experiment is divided into several stages: initial training of the neural network without a model, and then using prediction models; initial training of a neural network without an optimization method, and then using optimization methods; initial training of the neural network using combinations of prediction models and optimization methods; measuring the relative error of using prediction models, optimization methods and combined use. Models such as “Seasonal Linear Regression”, “Simple Moving Average”, and “Jump” were used in the experiment. The “Jump” model was proposed and developed based on the results of observing the dependence of changes in the values of the weighting coefficient on the epoch. Methods such as “Adagrad”, “Adadelta”, “Adam” were chosen for training neural and subsequent verification of the combined use of prediction models with optimization methods. As a result of the study, the effectiveness of the use of prediction models in predicting the weight coefficients of a neural network has been revealed. The idea is proposed and models are used that can significantly reduce the training time of a neural network. The idea of using prediction models is that the model of the change in the weight coefficient from the epoch is a time series, which in turn tends to a certain value. As a result of the study, it was found that it is possible to combine prediction models and optimization models. Also, prediction models do not interfere with optimization models, since they do not affect the formula of the training itself, as a result of which it is possible to achieve rapid training of the neural network. In the practical part of the work, two known prediction models and the proposed developed model were used. As a result of the experiment, operating conditions were determined using prediction models.